本文讨论美国和欧盟国家通过贸易推行其劳工标准的实践及其影响,全文分为五个部分。第一部分介绍美国通过与其他国家间的贸易安排推行劳工标准的实践。作者首先回顾了美国这种实践的历史,接下来介绍了美国所推行的劳工标准的具体内容,最后介绍和评议了通过贸易安排推行劳工标准的美国模式。总的来讲,美国通过与其他国家间的贸易安排推行劳工标准的实践是很坚定和一贯的,而且可操作性强,有保障机制。美国所推行的劳工标准与国际劳工组织所制定的最低劳工标准并不完全一致。从实践的情况来看,凡与美国签订自由贸易区协议的国家最后都不得不接受这种模式。第二部分介绍欧盟通过贸易安排推行劳工标准的实践。作者首先介绍了欧盟通过双边或多边贸易安排推行劳工标准的一般情况,包括欧盟所推行的劳工标准的内容,然后介绍了欧盟通过非互惠的贸易安排推行劳工标准的实践。与美国的实践相比,欧盟关于劳工标准的表述在各个双边或多边协议中并不完全相同,对协议对方履行标准的审查和强制性方面也没有美国严格。但严重违反劳工标准的协议方,仍然可能被终止受惠资格。第三部分对美国和欧盟在区域贸易安排中推行劳工标准的原因进行了分析。美国和欧盟的这种实践既有经济方面的原因,也有道德和政治方面的原因。经济方面的原因主要是为了减轻美欧的工人受到的来自发展中国家低劳工标准的劳动力的竞争。道德和政治方面的原因是为了保护人权,这是美欧一直坚持的政策。之所以选择了区域贸易安排这一工具,是因为它们在WTO这个更大的平台上推行贸易与劳工联系的想法受挫。第四部分分析了美国和欧盟的这种实践的影响。主要有四点:一是绕开了WTO将贸易与劳工标准从法律上联系在一起,在WTO没有得到的东西,它们在区域或者双边层面得到了;二是利用它们在双边或者区域谈判上的谈判优势,推行它们的单边标准;三是通过WTo与区域贸易安排以及单边贸易优惠之间的法律联系,将它们在双边和区域获得的谈判成果间接引入了WTO;四是对中国、印度这样的劳动力密集型产业集中的国家的比较优势有很大影响。第五部分总结全文。 This article discusses the practice of the United States and EU countries in promoting their labor standards through trade and their implications. The full text is divided into five sections. The first part introduces the practice of the United States to introduce labor standards through trade arrangements with other countries. The author first reviews the history of this practice in the United States, then introduces the specifics of labor standards promoted by the United States, and finally introduces and reviews the U.S. model of introducing labor standards through trade arrangements. In general, the United States’ practice of introducing labor standards through its trade arrangements with other countries is firm and consistent and highly operational and safeguarded. The labor standards promoted by the United States are not exactly the same as the minimum labor standards set by the International Labor Organization. From a practical point of view, all countries that have signed a free trade agreement with the United States will eventually have to accept this model. The second part introduces the EU’s practice of introducing labor standards through trade arrangements. The author first introduces the general situation of the EU in implementing labor standards through bilateral or multilateral trade arrangements, including the labor standards introduced by the EU, and then introduces the EU’s practice of introducing labor standards through non-reciprocal trade arrangements. Compared with the practice of the United States, the EU’s statement on labor standards is not exactly the same in all bilateral or multilateral agreements, nor is the United States strict in examining and enforcing compliance standards with each other. However, serious breaches of labor standards may still be terminated. The third part analyzes the reason why the United States and the EU implement labor standards in the RTA. This practice of the United States and the EU has both economic and ethical and political reasons. The economic reasons are mainly to reduce the competition for workers in the United States and Europe from the labor force from low labor standards in developing countries. The moral and political reasons for protecting human rights are the policies that the United States and Europe have always insisted on. The reason for choosing regional trade arrangements as a tool is their frustration with the idea of ​​pursuing trade and labor relations on the larger WTO platform. The fourth part analyzes the impact of such practices by the United States and the European Union. There are four main points: First, bypassing the WTO legally linking trade and labor standards, what is not available in the WTO, they are obtained at the regional or bilateral levels; and second, by using their bilateral or regional negotiations Negotiate their advantages and implement their unilateral standards; third, introduce their bilateral and regional negotiating achievements indirectly through the legal relations between WTo and regional trade arrangements and unilateral trade preferences; fourth, The comparative advantage of such a concentrated labor-intensive country has a significant impact. The fifth part summarizes the full text.