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客民是清代地方诉讼中的一个特殊群体。从《樊山政书》所载案件来看,客民在诉讼中处于不利地位,他们上控的案件基本都以失败告终,仅在对方当事人的道德被官员否定时才会出现例外。造成这种情况的原因包括清代社会价值观对客民进行否定;官僚制度设计使得地方官员偏袒本地民众;客民的出现使得地方政府难以实现有效治理等。这种历史现象对今日社会仍具有借鉴意义。
The guest is a special group in the local lawsuits in the Qing Dynasty. Judging from the cases contained in Fan Shan Zheng Shu, the clients are at a disadvantage in the lawsuit. The cases they control basically fail, and the exception occurs only when the moral of the other party is denied by officials. The reasons for this include the negation of the social values of the Qing Dynasty, the design of the bureaucracy, which makes the local officials favor the local people, and the emergence of the citizens makes it difficult for the local government to effectively govern. This kind of historical phenomenon still has reference for today’s society.