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该文改进与拓展了交通拥挤外部成本的经典测算模型,将交通拥挤成本分为时间延误成本、额外燃油成本、交通事故成本和环境污染成本等四项,并且在测算时间延误成本时,计入了出行者和车辆运输的额外成本。该文基于新的测算模型,估算了2014年上海工作日早晚高峰时段交通拥挤的外部成本,结果表明,交通拥挤的外部成本约为同年上海GDP的0.7%,其中占九成以上为时间延误成本。最后,该文具体讨论了上海交通拥挤税试点的方案设计,并对交通高峰时段的交通拥挤税税率设定提出了建议。
This paper improves and expands the classic calculation model of the external cost of traffic congestion, and divides the cost of traffic congestion into four items: time delay cost, additional fuel cost, traffic accident cost and environmental pollution cost. When calculating the time delay cost, Extra costs for traveler and vehicle transport. Based on the new calculation model, the paper estimates the external costs of traffic congestion in the morning and evening peak hours of 2014 Shanghai working day. The results show that the external cost of traffic congestion is about 0.7% of Shanghai’s GDP in the same year, of which over 90% is the time delay cost . Finally, the article specifically discussed the design of the pilot scheme of Shanghai traffic congestion tax and proposed the setting of the tax rate of traffic congestion during rush hours.