近年来，为了减少呼吸回路内微生物的污染，降低患者术后肺部并发症（如呼吸机相关性肺炎和院内感染）发生率，呼吸过滤器在临床上的应用价值越来越大。新型冠状病毒肺炎的出现使呼吸过滤器的应用更加广泛，因此合理规范地使用是当前需解决的重要问题。文章总结了呼吸过滤器的临床应用新进展，对其自投入临床使用以来遇到的各种潜在并发症进行分析，对呼吸过滤器的最新改进技术进行总结，以期对呼吸过滤器在临床上的合理使用提供一些建议和指导。“,”In recent years, in order to reduce the contamination of microorganism in the circuit and reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients, such as ventilator associated pneumonia and control nosocomial infection, the clinical value of breathing filter is of more significance. With the presence of COVID-19, breathing filters are applied more widely; it is urgent to rationally use. This article summarizes the development of its clinical application, analyzes a variety of potential complications since it was put into clinical use, and summarizes the latest techniques of breathing filters, so as to provide advice and guidance for the clinical rational use of breathing filter.