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大脑白质由连接大脑灰质区域的神经纤维聚集而成,含白质纤维、神经轴突等多种细胞成分.白质纤维是大脑信息传递和编码的重要媒介,白质微结构检测对脑神经科学研究和中枢神经疾病诊断与治疗具有十分重要的意义.利用组织中水分子扩散特性成像的扩散磁共振成像(diffusion magnetic resonance imaging,d MRI)技术为组织微结构的无创在体检测提供了可能.本文首先介绍了组织中水分子的扩散特性和基于d MRI的水分子扩散参数检测原理;然后重点综述近年来基于d MRI技术在白质完整性、神经突密度和直径、白质纤维几何特征及走行等白质微结构检测方面的研究进展;最后简要讨论d MRI技术所存在的问题并展望其未来发展,以期促进d MRI技术在白质微结构信息检测中的研究与应用.
The white matter of the brain is a collection of nerve fibers that connect the gray matter areas of the brain and contains many cellular components such as white matter fibers and axons etc. White matter fibers are important mediators of brain information transmission and coding. It is very important to diagnose and treat neurological diseases.Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (d MRI) imaging using water molecule diffusion characteristics in tissues provides the possibility for noninvasive in vivo detection of tissue micro-structure.This paper first introduces The diffusion characteristics of water molecules in the tissue and the detection principle of water molecule diffusion parameters based on d MRI are reviewed. Then the recent review on the white matter integrity, the density and diameter of neurites, the white matter fiber’s geometric characteristics and the white matter microstructure Detection of the research progress; Finally, a brief discussion of d MRI technology problems and look forward to its future development in order to promote the d MRI technology in white matter microstructure information detection and application.