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目的：设计可对大鼠背部穿支体区间choke血管进行直视观察的模型，并进一步探索choke血管扩增的规律。方法制作皮肤血管观察窗套件，选择左、右髂腰动脉穿支体区间的微血管吻合（即choke血管）作为目标观察区，并分时间点在体视显微镜下观察choke血管的扩增，测量并计算微血管在各时间点的“扩增率”，总结其扩增规律。结果设计的皮肤观察窗套件可清楚观察到大鼠皮肤血管的扩增过程，该观察窗套件还可根据观察对象的大小调整尺寸进而观察不同动物的choke血管。通过对大鼠背部穿支体区间choke血管观察发现第1h、1d、2d、3d、4d、6d、10d、16d目标观察区choke血管的“扩增率”分别是（1.00±0.00）、（1.11±0.08）、（1.25±0.17）、（1.36±0.22）、（1.85±0.33）、（1.82±0.38）、（1.54±0.39）和（1.83±0.45）。结论对于皮肤微血管的活体动物研究，皮窗结合体视显微镜观察是方便、有效的直视观察手段。大鼠两髂腰动脉穿支体间的choke血管在第4~6天时处于扩增高峰，逐渐减弱后在第10~16天出现二次扩增。“,”Objective To design direct observation model of choke vessels between bilateral iliolumbar perforators in rats and explore the enlargement law of choke vessels. Methods skinfold chamber was designed and produced, then anastomotic vessels (known as choke vessels) were chosen as observation area between the right and left iliac lumbar perforasomes. The changes of choke vessel in the observation area were photographed at different time points by using stereomicroscope. The enlargement ratio of choke vessel was measured and calculated in each time point, with the law of enlargement drawn. Results The enlargement course of the choke vessels between the bilateral iliolumbar perforators can be observed by the skinfold chamber, whose size can be adjusted to observe choke vessels in different animals. After observation,we found that the enlargement-ratio of choke vessels in 1h, 1d, 2d, 3d, 4d, 6d, 10d, 16d were (1.00 ± 0.00), (1.11 ± 0.08), (1.25 ± 0.17), (1.36 ± 0.22), (1.85 ± 0.33), (1.82 ± 0.38), (1.54 ± 0.39) and (1.83 ± 0.45) respectively. Conclusions The skinfold chamber is a convenient, effective and direct way to observe cutaneous microvessels in rats alive using stereomicroscope. The choke vessels between the iliolumbar perforasomes in rat gets a highest enlargement ratio in 4 d to 6 d, then recedes gradually until 10 d to 16 d when it gets a second boost.