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独立主格结构是一个较为复杂的语言现象，这种结构通常由“独立主格的名词或代词+现在/过去分词（或动词不定式、形容词、副词、名词、介词短语等）”构成，名词或代词和分词逻辑上的主谓关系，结构严谨，意思生动，在句子中多用来修饰谓语动词，常用作时间、条件、原因、行为方式或伴随状语。本文拟就种种独立主格结构归纳如下：
一、名词/代词+现在分词
We shall play the match tomorrow，weather permitting.如果天气好，我们将于明天进行比赛。
The shower being over，we continued to march.阵雨过去之后我们继续行军。
二、名词/代词+过去分词
His work finished，he prepared to go home.他工作结束了，就准备回家去。
All things considered，her paper is of greater value than yours.综合考虑起来，她的论文比你的论文要更有价值一些。
三、名词/代词+动词不定式
Here are the first two volumes，the third one to come out next month.这儿是头两卷，第三卷下月出版。
He has been here for a week，his sister to come here next week.他到这儿已经一个星期了，他姐姐下周要来这儿。
四、名词/代词+形容词
Mr Smith was looking at Mary，his face white with anger.史密斯先生看着玛丽，他的脸色气得发白。
The boy looked at the beautiful picture，eyes wide open.这个孩子看着这幅美丽的图画，眼睛睁得大大的。
五、名词/代词+副词
The meeting over，she went home.会议结束后她就回家了。
She put on her socks wrong side out.她袜子穿反了。
六、名词/代词+介词短语
She entered the classroom，book in hand.她拿着书走进教室。
The old man sat in the chair，book in hand and pipe in mouth.老人坐在椅子上，手上拿着书，嘴里叼着烟斗。
七、名词/代词+名词
Her examination failure，she prepared for the next exam.她考试不及格，准备下一次补考。
The girl worked hard，books are her good friends.那女孩努力学习，书是她的好朋友。
八、用“with+名词/代词+现在/过去分词（或动词不定式、形容词、副词、名词、介词短语等）”
Do you know the gentleman with a tall hat on？你认识那个戴礼帽的绅士吗？（定语）
The house with its roof damaged has now been repaired.坏了屋顶的那间房子已经修好了。（定语）
It is rude to speak with your mouth full.边吃东西边同人家说话是不礼貌的。
She has to leave the classroom with her head down.她不得不低着头离开教室。
The war was over without a shot being fired.那场战争一枪不发就结束了。
Without anyone noticing，she slipped through the window.谁也没有注意她，她就跳窗溜走了。
She wouldn’t dare to go home without the job finished.工作未做完，她不敢回家。
She wandered in without shoes on. 她光着脚走了进来。
一、名词/代词+现在分词
We shall play the match tomorrow，weather permitting.如果天气好，我们将于明天进行比赛。
The shower being over，we continued to march.阵雨过去之后我们继续行军。
二、名词/代词+过去分词
His work finished，he prepared to go home.他工作结束了，就准备回家去。
All things considered，her paper is of greater value than yours.综合考虑起来，她的论文比你的论文要更有价值一些。
三、名词/代词+动词不定式
Here are the first two volumes，the third one to come out next month.这儿是头两卷，第三卷下月出版。
He has been here for a week，his sister to come here next week.他到这儿已经一个星期了，他姐姐下周要来这儿。
四、名词/代词+形容词
Mr Smith was looking at Mary，his face white with anger.史密斯先生看着玛丽，他的脸色气得发白。
The boy looked at the beautiful picture，eyes wide open.这个孩子看着这幅美丽的图画，眼睛睁得大大的。
五、名词/代词+副词
The meeting over，she went home.会议结束后她就回家了。
She put on her socks wrong side out.她袜子穿反了。
六、名词/代词+介词短语
She entered the classroom，book in hand.她拿着书走进教室。
The old man sat in the chair，book in hand and pipe in mouth.老人坐在椅子上，手上拿着书，嘴里叼着烟斗。
七、名词/代词+名词
Her examination failure，she prepared for the next exam.她考试不及格，准备下一次补考。
The girl worked hard，books are her good friends.那女孩努力学习，书是她的好朋友。
八、用“with+名词/代词+现在/过去分词（或动词不定式、形容词、副词、名词、介词短语等）”
Do you know the gentleman with a tall hat on？你认识那个戴礼帽的绅士吗？（定语）
The house with its roof damaged has now been repaired.坏了屋顶的那间房子已经修好了。（定语）
It is rude to speak with your mouth full.边吃东西边同人家说话是不礼貌的。
She has to leave the classroom with her head down.她不得不低着头离开教室。
The war was over without a shot being fired.那场战争一枪不发就结束了。
Without anyone noticing，she slipped through the window.谁也没有注意她，她就跳窗溜走了。
She wouldn’t dare to go home without the job finished.工作未做完，她不敢回家。
She wandered in without shoes on. 她光着脚走了进来。