磁畴结构和微观结构的研究,对于永磁材料的矫顽力的理解至为重要。为研究以钴或铁的稀土金属间化合物为基础的新型高矫顽力永磁材料,采用了光学显微镜和透射电镜。在单相的磁体中,矫顽力既受反向畴的成核场和扩张场所支配,也受控于畴壁在晶界的钉扎。在析出硬化型的复相磁体中,矫顽力则由畴壁在某种铁磁性第二相的连续的胞状析出结构内的钉扎所支配。 The study of magnetic domain structure and microstructure is very important for understanding the coercivity of permanent magnetic materials. In order to study a new type of high coercivity permanent magnet based on cobalt or iron rare earth intermetallic compounds, optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used. In a single-phase magnet, the coercive force is dominated both by the nucleation and expansion sites of the opposite domains and by the pinning of the domain walls at the grain boundaries. In a precipitation hardened multi-phase magnet, the coercive force is dominated by the pinning of domain walls in a continuous cell-like precipitation structure of some ferromagnetic second phase.