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一、前言公差造船,牵涉面广,影响造船精度的因素颇多。焊接变形是各影响因素中相当重要、相当复杂的因素之一。影响变形的因素主要是热变形和构件的刚度,而它们之间又是相互依赖和矛盾的。影响热变形有关因素有:焊接规范、焊接方法、焊缝的数量和尺寸以及材料的热物理性能等等,直接影响热变形的分布与大小; 同刚度有关的因素有:构件的尺寸和形状、胎卡具及点固、装配顺序等等,直接影响刚度的大小。
First, the foreword tolerance Shipbuilding, involving a wide range of factors that affect the accuracy of shipbuilding a lot. Welding deformation is one of the most important and complicated factors in all the factors. The main factors that affect the deformation are the thermal deformation and the stiffness of the components, which are interdependent and contradictory. Factors affecting the thermal deformation are: welding specifications, welding methods, the number and size of the weld and the thermal physical properties of the material, etc., directly affect the distribution and size of thermal deformation; stiffness related factors are: the size and shape of components, Tire fixtures and solid point, the assembly sequence, etc., a direct impact on the size of the stiffness.