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13世纪末,眼镜这种新发明像野火燎原一般在意大利流行起来,过了差不多400年,牛顿用棱镜捕捉到太阳光的光谱;自此,透镜、棱镜及其物理变体彻底改变了人们看世界的方式,渐而建立起从夸克到观测宇宙的科学的自然图景。到20世纪末,这一图景一度似乎发展到堪称完美的境界,甚至有人提出了“科学终结”的看法。但恰从那时起,信息技术的发展使得科学研究与人类活动生产的数据呈指数级增长,当前每个人的数据足迹——每年产生的数据量达到差不多1个太字节(8万亿比
At the end of the thirteenth century, the new invention of spectacles became more popular in Italy as wildfire. After almost 400 years, Newton captured the spectrum of sunlight with prisms; since then, lenses, prisms and their physical variants have revolutionized the way people look at the world Way, gradually set up from the quark to observe the universe’s natural science scene. By the end of the 20th century, this picture once seemed to have developed into a perfect realm. Some even put forward the idea of “end of science.” However, since then, advances in information technology have led to exponential growth in the data produced by scientific research and human activities, with the current data footprint for each individual - generating as much as 1 terabyte per year (8 trillion bytes