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【目的】通过追溯祖先亲本的遗传贡献分析黑龙江省水稻育成品种的种质构成,为育种组合配置、丰富亲本来源、扩大遗传基础提供参考。【方法】搜集1961~2006年黑龙江育成的191个水稻品种系谱资料,追溯其祖先亲本,计算每个品种祖先亲本的细胞核和细胞质遗传贡献值,并分析其种质地理、籼粳来源及年代演变特点。【结果】黑龙江省近45年育成的191个水稻品种源于232个核祖先亲本,仅有一个品种涉及祖先亲本数最高,为43个平均每个育成品种涉及祖先亲本15.8个。80%以上的育成品种具有少数日本祖先亲本血缘,47%左右的品种具有我国广东地方品种荔枝江的血缘,34%左右的品种具有越南古老品种塔都康的血缘。日本祖先亲本对黑龙江水稻核(质)遗传贡献率为62.00%(92.21%),中国大陆祖先亲本核(质)遗传贡献率为31.81%(7.14%)。从种质属性方面考虑,粳稻祖先亲本核(质)遗传贡献率为93.055%(98.052%),籼稻为3.905%(1.948%)野生稻为0.002%(0)。【结论】黑龙江水稻育成品种以种质来源日本血缘占主导地位,在细胞质方面其遗传基础相对比较狭窄,且对粕稻和野生稻资源利用程度很低。
【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to trace the genetic contribution of the ancestral parents to the rice germplasm composition in Heilongjiang Province, and to provide references for breeding combinations, enriching the parental origin and expanding the genetic basis. 【Method】 The pedigree data of 191 rice cultivars from Heilongjiang Province collected from 1961 to 2006 were collected. The ancestral parents were retrospectively analyzed, and the genetic contribution of nucleus and cytoplasm of ancestral parents of each variety was calculated. The germplasm, the origin and age of indica and japonica Features. 【Result】 The results showed that 191 rice cultivars derived from Heilongjiang Province in the past 45 years originated from 232 nuclear ancestral parents. Only one species involved the highest number of ancestral parents, with an average of 43 averaging 15.8 ancestral parents. More than 80% of the bred varieties have the bloodline of a few Japanese ancestral parents. About 47% of the cultivars have the kiwifruit of the Guangdong local variety litchi, and about 34% have the blood of the ancient breed Ta Dukang of Vietnam. The ancestral parents contributed 62.00% (92.21%) to the inheritance of rice in Heilongjiang Province and 31.81% (7.14%) to the ancestral parents in China. In terms of germplasm attributes, the genetic contribution of 93.055% (98.052%) for japonica progenitor parents and 0.002% (0%) for indica rice was 3.905% (1.948%) for wild rice. 【Conclusion】 Heilongjiang rice cultivars were dominated by Japanese blood germplasm, their genetic basis was relatively narrow in cytoplasm, and the utilization of rice and wild rice was low.