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目的:调查玉树地震后不同时期基层干部的心理状况,为如何有效持续开展震后心理援助工作提供一些理论依据。方法:2010年10月对经历过玉树地震后紧急救援期的基层干部97例进行心理状况的评估,2014年4月震后重建期过后再次进行心理状况的评估。评估方法采用二步梯度筛查的方法,SRQ、PTSD-7等自评量表筛查后,对SRQ-20≥10或PTSD-7≥4分者,采用MINI诊断量表复核。心理需求调查采用自行设计的基层干部得到心理援助情况调查表。结果:紧急救援期采用PTSD-7≥4或SRQ-20≥10筛查出的高危人群有47例(58.0%)。MINI诊断量表复核,达到疾病诊断标准人数有12例(14.8%)。震后重建期筛查出的高危人群有17例(26.2%),达到疾病诊断标准人数有2例(3.1%)。震后重建期的心理援助可及性(36.9%)高于紧急救援期(16.9%),对于心理援助的认识和理解也有提高。结论:玉树基层干部的心理健康状况值得关注。心理援助的可及性不高,如何利用当地的基层干部,由他们惠及到更广大的受灾群众,是下一步值得考虑和探索的方法之一。
Objective: To investigate the psychological status of grass-roots cadres at different periods after the Yushu earthquake and provide some theoretical basis for how to effectively carry out post-earthquake psychological assistance. Methods: In October 2010, 97 cases of grassroots cadres who were experiencing the emergency rescue period after the Yushu earthquake were assessed for their psychological status. After the reconstruction in April 2014, the mental status was evaluated again. Evaluation method using two-step gradient screening method, SRQ, PTSD-7 and other self-rating scale screening, SRQ-20≥10 or PTSD-7≥4 points, using MINI diagnostic scale review. Psychological needs survey using self-designed grass-roots cadres receive psychological assistance questionnaire. Results: Forty-seven (58.0%) of the high-risk patients screened by PTSD-7≥4 or SRQ-20≥10 in the emergency rescue phase. MINI diagnostic scale review, to reach the number of diagnostic criteria in 12 cases (14.8%). Seventeen (26.2%) were screened at high risk for post-earthquake reconstruction, and two (3.1%) met the diagnostic criteria for the disease. Psychological assistance accessibility during post-earthquake reconstruction (36.9%) was higher than that of emergency relief (16.9%), and awareness and understanding of psychological assistance were also improved. Conclusion: The mental health status of grass-roots cadres in Yushu deserves our attention. The accessibility of psychological assistance is not high. How to use the local grassroots cadres to benefit the wider disaster-stricken people is one of the next steps worth considering and exploring.