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目的:评价产前激素（antenatal steroid，AS）对母亲组织型绒毛膜羊膜炎（histological chorioamnionitis，HCA）早产儿近期临床结局的影响。方法:选择2016年1月至2018年12月于厦门市妇幼保健院分娩并收入新生儿重症监护室的胎龄≤34周的早产儿进行回顾性分析，根据其母胎盘病理检查结果分为HCA阳性组和HCA阴性组，再根据是否使用AS各分为两个亚组，分析比较两亚组患儿围产期一般情况及近期临床结局。结果:共纳入736例，HCA阳性组361例（AS组300例，无AS组61例），HCA阴性组375例（AS组314例，无AS组61例）。HCA阳性组中，AS组新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征发生率（56.0%比90.2%）、72 h内机械通气率（29.0%比63.9%）、支气管肺发育不良发生率（26.0%比63.9%）、早产儿视网膜病发生率（32.0%比77.0%）、总氧疗时间（10 d比50 d）和住院时间（33 d比60 d）均低于无AS组，差异有统计学意义（n P0.05）。HCA阴性组中，AS组与无AS组早产儿临床结局比较差异无统计学意义（n P>0.05）。n 结论:AS可显著改善HCA阳性母亲所生早产儿的近期临床结局，降低新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、支气管肺发育不良、早产儿视网膜病发生率，缩短氧疗、住院时间，且不增加感染性疾病风险，但AS对HCA阴性母亲所生早产儿的近期临床结局无明显改善作用。“,”Objective:To evaluate the short-term effects of antenatal steroids (AS) on premature infants with maternal histological chorioamnionitis (HCA).Method:From January 2016 to December 2018, premature infants with gestational age less than 34 weeks delivered in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. According to maternal placental pathology, the infants were assigned into HCA positive group and HCA negative group, and each group were further assigned into two subgroups: AS group and non-AS group. The perinatal general characteristics and short-term clinical outcomes between the two subgroups were compared.Result:A total of 736 cases were enrolled in the study, including 361 cases in HCA positive group (AS group 300 cases, non-AS group 61 cases), HCA negative group 375 cases (AS group 314 cases, non-AS group 61 cases). In HCA positive group, the incidences of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (56.0% vs. 90.2%), mechanical ventilation support within 72 hours(29.0% vs. 63.9%), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)(26.0% vs. 63.9%), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)(32.0% vs. 77.0%), duration of oxygen use(10 d vs. 50 d) and hospital stay(33 d vs. 60 d)in AS group were significantly lower than the non-AS group (n P0.05).n Conclusion:AS can significantly improve the short-term clinical outcome of premature infants born to HCA-positive mothers, reducing the incidence of neonatal RDS, BPD and ROP, shortening the duration of oxygen therapy and hospital stay without increasing the risks of infectious diseases. However, AS has no significant effects on premature infants born to HCA-negative mothers.