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一部词典,按照单词的字母顺序来排列,查阅起来,其方便是显而易见的。但是按字母顺序排列,却无从对词汇结构作出任何说明。因为,属于完全不同的形态体系和语义体系的词,该语言的使用者熟悉情况极不平衡的词,在最日常的交际环境中利用程度很不相同的词,都用同样的印刷字体一个接一个地排列在一起。当然,词典中不时会标出象“罕用词”或“文学用词”这样的字样,表示这是非基本词汇;同样属于某一专门学科的用词也会尽量注明。但是,这种种信息都并不能使人知道某一个词是在多大的程度上属于最普通的语汇,而在理想化的中等水平的说话人的词汇量中,若能对他们各种词汇单位的相对重要性作出说明,那会是件有益的事情,从教学角度看,尤其是如此。
A dictionary, arranged alphabetically by word, is easy to see. But in alphabetical order, there is no explanation for the vocabulary structure. For words belonging to completely different morphological and semantic systems, users of the language are familiar with extremely unbalanced words and words that have very different degrees of utilization in the most common communication environments, all with the same type of typography Arrange together one by one. Of course, words such as “rarely used words” or “literary terms” are sometimes quoted in the dictionary to indicate that this is a non-basic vocabulary; terms that also belong to a particular subject are also indicated as much as possible. However, neither of these kinds of information can make people know to what extent a certain word belongs to the most common vocabulary, and in idealized middle level speakers’ vocabulary, The relative importance of making that statement, that would be a useful thing, from a teaching perspective, especially so.