一引言在近年的研究中,20世纪初也就是清末最后10年的所谓“新政”改革,作为中国近代国家体制确立的重要时期,其意义得到学术界越来越多的重视1。以君主立宪政体为目标的改革,从总体上带来了国家体制的重构,虽然没有取得最终成功,但是以近代国民国家体制为模式的改革在各个领域得到推进,并取得了相应的成果。总体看,既存的行政体制在此时期进行了全面的反思和变革,历史上形成的中央、地方关系也进行了根本性的重构2,为此后近代国家制度的建立奠定了基础,因而具有重要的意 I. INTRODUCTION In recent years, the so-called “new policy” reform of the early 20th century, which was the last decade of the Qing dynasty, became an important period for the establishment of the state system in modern China. Its significance has drawn more and more attention from the academic circles. The reform, which takes the constitutional monarchy as the goal, brings about the reconstruction of the state system as a whole. Although the ultimate success has not been achieved, the reform taking the modern national national system as the mode has been promoted in various fields and has achieved corresponding results. In general, the existing administrative system underwent a comprehensive review and change during this period. The central and local relations formed in history have also undergone a fundamental restructuring. 2 This has laid an important foundation for the establishment of a modern state system and hence has been important The meaning of