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[目的]探讨老年医院获得性肺炎(HAP)的临床特点及合理使用抗菌药物。[方法]对138例老年HAP患者的临床资料进行回顾性统计分析。[结果]HAP在94例高龄老年人伴有慢性基础病中占88.6%,有痰培养结果者68例,依据痰药敏结果选用药物。其他为经验性选药,疗程7～14 d。86例症状、体征明显改善,占81.2%,死亡20例,病死率为18.8%。[结论]在治疗老年人医院获得性肺炎过程中,重视药物选择及治疗策略,是提高HAP的治愈率,减少死亡率的有效措施。
[Objective] To explore the clinical characteristics of elderly hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) and to use antimicrobial agents rationally. [Methods] The clinical data of 138 elderly HAP patients were retrospectively analyzed. [Results] HAP was 88.6% in 94 elderly patients with chronic basic diseases and 68 patients had sputum culture results. Drugs were selected based on the result of sputum drug sensitivity. Others for the empirical selection of drugs, treatment 7 ~ 14 d. 86 cases of symptoms and signs improved significantly, accounting for 81.2%, 20 deaths, the case fatality rate was 18.8%. [Conclusion] Emphasis on drug selection and treatment strategies in the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia in the elderly is an effective measure to improve the cure rate and reduce the mortality of HAP.