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目的探讨肾脏内科医务人员血源性职业暴露的致伤原因及风险因素,提出防护对策和暴露发生后的处理措施,以降低事故发生率。方法统计分析2011年1月-2012年12月发生的25例血源性职业暴露的人员分布、暴露途径、暴露源的分类、暴露后的处理措施及预后。提出预防职业暴露的对策。结果 25例血源性职业暴露事件,人员以护士为主;暴露的途径以针刺伤、锐器伤为主;乙型肝炎病毒携带者是最主要的暴露源。暴露后处理措施以挤压、冲洗和消毒伤口为主。结论在日常工作当中,锐器伤是最常见的职业损伤,适当的防护措施和暴露发生后及时的处理措施能有效预防和降低医务人员的职业暴露和暴露后感染的危险。
Objective To investigate the causes and risk factors of occupational exposure to blood-derived occupational diseases in renal medical staffs and to propose protective measures and treatment measures after exposure to reduce the accident rate. Methods Statistical analysis was conducted on the distribution of 25 blood-induced occupational exposures from January 2011 to December 2012, the routes of exposure, the classification of exposure sources, post-exposure management measures and prognosis. Proposed measures to prevent occupational exposure. Results 25 cases of blood-based occupational exposure, nurses were the main personnel; exposure to acupuncture wounds, sharp-based injuries; Hepatitis B virus carriers are the main source of exposure. Post-exposure measures to squeeze, wash and disinfect the wound. Conclusion In the daily work, sharp injury is the most common occupational injury. Appropriate protective measures and timely treatment after exposure can effectively prevent and reduce the occupational exposure and the risk of post-exposure infection among medical workers.