论文部分内容阅读
目的评价工作场所健康促进(WHP)和职业安全健康管理体系(OHSAS18000)对某铅酸蓄电池生产企业铅污染的干预效果。方法以某铅酸蓄电池生产企业和职业接触人群为调查对象,对投产初期(2001—2002年)、OHSAS18000期(2003—2009年,以下简称“OHSAS期”)和WHP期(2010—2012年)工作场所铅烟(尘)水平及接触人群血铅水平进行分析。结果投产初期、OHSAS期和WHP期3个时期工作场所铅尘时间加权平均浓度(CTWA)中位数(M)分别为0.06、0.05和0.03 mg/m3,铅烟CTWA的M分别为0.06、0.04和0.02 mg/m3,WHP期铅尘和铅烟的CTWA均分别低于投产初期和OHSAS期(P<0.01)。3个时期工作场所铅烟(尘)合格率分别为34.09%、53.33%和75.61%,WHP期铅烟(尘)合格率分别高于投产初期与OHSAS期(P<0.01)。3个时期铅接触人群血铅水平分别为(1.08±0.30)、(1.11±0.21)和(0.69±0.12)μmol/L,WHP期血铅水平分别低于投产初期和OHSAS期,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。接触人群血铅合格率分别为88.21%、94.34%和99.91%,WHP期血铅合格率分别高于投产初期和OHSAS期(P<0.01),OHSAS期合格率高于投产初期(P<0.01)。3个时期铅接触人群观察对象检出率分别为11.34%、5.20%和0.09%,WHP期检出率分别低于投产初期和OHSAS期(P<0.01),OHSAS期检出率低于投产初期(P<0.01)。3个时期铅接触人群疑似铅中毒检出率分别为0.45%、0.46%和0.00%,WHP期检出率低于投产初期与OHSAS期2个时期的合并检出率(P<0.01)。结论在铅酸蓄电池企业推广在OHSAS18000的基础上实施WHP的铅污染防治模式,有利于达到预防和控制铅中毒,保护劳动者健康的目的。
Objective To evaluate the intervention effects of workplace health promotion (WHP) and occupational safety and health management system (OHSAS18000) on lead pollution in a lead-acid battery manufacturing enterprise. Methods Taking a lead-acid battery manufacturer and occupational exposure population as the research object, the author put forward some suggestions on the early stage of production (2001-2002), OHSAS18000 (2003-2009, hereinafter referred to as “OHSAS”) and WHP (2010-2012 Year) levels of lead smoke (dust) in the workplace and levels of blood lead in contact with the population. Results At the initial stage of production, the median time-weighted average concentrations of lead dust (M) in the workplace at OHSAS and WHP were 0.06, 0.05 and 0.03 mg / m 3, respectively, and M of CTWA were 0.06 and 0.04 respectively And 0.02 mg / m3 respectively. The CTWA of lead dust and lead smoke in WHP period were lower than those in initial stage and OHSAS stage, respectively (P <0.01). The pass rates of lead smoke (dust) in the three periods were 34.09%, 53.33% and 75.61%, respectively. The pass rates of lead and dust in WHP period were higher than those in OHSAS period (P <0.01). The level of blood lead in the three groups were (1.08 ± 0.30), (1.11 ± 0.21) and (0.69 ± 0.12) μmol / L, respectively. The levels of blood lead in WHP period were lower than those in initial stage and OHSAS stage Significance (P <0.01). The passing rate of blood lead in the exposed group was 88.21%, 94.34% and 99.91%, respectively. The passing rate of blood lead in WHP period was higher than that in initial stage and OHSAS stage (P <0.01), and the passing rate in OHSAS stage was higher than that in initial stage (P <0.01) . The detection rates of lead exposure population in three periods were 11.34%, 5.20% and 0.09%, respectively. The detection rate of WHP stage was lower than that of initial stage and OHSAS stage (P <0.01), and the detection rate of OHSAS stage was lower than that of initial stage (P <0.01). The detection rate of suspected lead poisoning in lead exposure population was 0.45%, 0.46% and 0.00% respectively in three periods, and the detection rate of WHP period was lower than the combined detection rate of initial period of production and two periods of OHSAS (P <0.01). Conclusion The implementation of WHP lead pollution prevention and control model based on OHSAS18000 promoted by lead-acid battery enterprises promotes the prevention and control of lead poisoning and the protection of workers’ health.