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目的调查汶川地震救援军人在不同时期创伤后应激障碍的发病率及心理健康状况。方法采用创伤后应激障碍量表平民版(PCL-C)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)的抑郁、焦虑和躯体化3个因子在地震后3、12、18个月用整群随机抽样法抽取某部队的救援军人进行调查。结果在3、12、18个月时:①救援军人PTSD总分≥38分的比率分别为23.80%、14.86%、3.27%,PTSD发病率显著降低(χ2=28.386,P=0.000);②救援军人的再体验(F=23.377,P=0.000)、回避(F=37.649,P=0.000)、高唤醒(F=28.522,P=0.000)以及PTSD总分(F=37.545,P=0.000)均显著降低,PTSD的17个条目症状显著降低,且都具有显著差异(P<0.05);③救援军人的抑郁(F=8.021,P=0.000)、焦虑(F=8.537,P=0.000)和躯体化(F=4.306,P=0.000)得分显著降低。结论汶川地震救援军人创伤后应激障碍发病率呈现逐渐下降趋势,心理健康状况逐渐好转,这为今后制定救援后不同时期军人心理健康维护方案提供了依据。
Objective To investigate the incidence and mental health of post-traumatic stress disorder among soldiers in Wenchuan earthquake during different periods. Methods The three factors of depression, anxiety and somatization of PCL-C and SCL-90 were measured at 3,12,18 months after earthquake Random sampling method to extract a unit of rescue workers to investigate. Results At 3, 12, and 18 months, ①the PTSD scores of rescue workers were 23.80%, 14.86%, 3.27% respectively, and the incidence of PTSD was significantly lower (χ2 = 28.386, P = 0.000) (P = 0.000), avoidance (F = 37.649, P = 0.000), high arousal (F = 28.522, P = 0.000) and PTSD total score (P <0.05); (3) The levels of depression (F = 8.021, P = 0.000), anxiety (F = 8.537, P = 0.000) The score (F = 4.306, P = 0.000) decreased significantly. Conclusions The incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder in military rescue workers in Wenchuan earthquake shows a gradual downward trend, and the mental health condition gradually improves. This provides the basis for the future psychological health maintenance programs for military personnel in different periods after the rescue was established.