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目的:分析不同性别和年龄的孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder，ASD)儿童症状严重程度和发育水平的差异。方法:2018年3月至2019年2月选取18～96月龄ASD儿童(n n＝286)为研究对象，采用孤独症行为量表(autism behavior checklist，ABC)和儿童孤独症评定量表(childhood autism rating scale，CARS)评估ASD儿童的症状严重程度，采用Griffiths发育评估量表-中文版(Griffiths mental development scales-Chinese，GDS-C)评估ASD儿童的发育水平。依据性别和年龄分为不同亚组，分析不同亚组ASD症状和发育水平的差异。使用SPSS 23.0统计软件对数据进行统计学分析，资料为非正态分布，两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney n U检验，多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis n H检验，两变量相关性采用Spearman相关分析。n 结果:ASD男童和ASD女童的ABC总分[52(40，62)分，57(36，67)分，n Z＝0.661，n P＝0.509]和CARS总分[31(28，35)分，33(27，36)分，n Z＝0.672，n P＝0.502]差异无统计学意义；GDS-C总商≥70分的ASD男童和ASD女童的ABC总分[43(33，53)分，52(34，58)分，n Z＝0.717，n P＝0.473]和CARS总分[29(26，32)分，27(26，30)分，n Z＝0.212，n P＝0.832]差异无统计学意义；GDS-C总商<70分的ASD男童和ASD女童的ABC总分[55(44，67)分，59(40，67)分，n Z＝0.067，n P＝0.947]和CARS总分[32(30，35)分，34(30，36)分，n Z＝0.657，n P＝0.511]差异无统计学意义。ASD男童手眼协调[64(52，77)分，60(43，72)分，n Z＝2.138，n P＝0.033]、表现[68(51，86)分，59(43，68)分，n Z＝3.270，n P＝0.001]和推理发育商[68(55，91)分，51(33，58)分，n Z＝2.686，n P＝0.007]均明显高于ASD女童；ASD女童在表现领域存在发育落后比例[35(80%)，124(51%)，χn 2＝12.083，n P＝0.001]显著高于ASD男童。不同年龄段ASD儿童ABC、CARS总分，GDS-C领域中运动、手眼协调发育商均差异有统计学意义(均n P<0.05)，且首诊年龄越大评分越低。首诊年龄与ABC总分(n r＝-0.259)，CARS总分(n r＝-0.268)，GDS-C总商(n r＝-0.127)，运动(n r＝-0.275)、手眼协调(n r＝-0.213)、表现(n r＝-0.160)和推理(n r＝-0.307)的发育商均呈负相关(均n P<0.05)，与听力语言发育商(n r＝0.143)呈正相关(n P<0.05)。n 结论:18～96个月ASD儿童症状严重程度无明显性别差异，但ASD男童的部分能区发育水平优于ASD女童；不同首诊年龄的ASD儿童症状程度和发育水平存在差异，首诊年龄与ASD严重程度和发育水平相关。“,”Objective:To analyze the autistic severity and developmental level of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) of different gender and age.Methods:From March 2018 to February 2019, a total of 286 ASD children aged 18-96 months were enrolled.Severity of ASD was evaluated by the autism behavior checklist (ABC) and the childhood autism rating scale (CARS), while the Griffiths mental development scales-Chinese (GDS-C) was used to evaluate the children's mental development.According to gender and age, ASD severity and developmental levels of different subgroups were analyzed.SPSS 23.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data.According to the non-normal distrbution of variables, Mann-Whitneyn U test was used for comparison between the two groups, and Kruskal-Wallis n H test was used for comparison between multiple groups and Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between two variables.n Results:No gender difference was found in the total scores of ABC (52(40, 62), 57(36, 67), n Z=0.661, n P=0.509) and CARS (31(28, 35), 33(27, 36), n Z=0.672, n P=0.502) between the ASD boys and ASD girls.No gender difference was found in the total scores of ABC (43(33, 53), 52(34, 58), n Z=0.717, n P=0.473) and CARS (29(26, 32), 27(26, 30), n Z=0.212, n P=0.832) between the ASD boys and ASD girls when the general quotient of the GDS-C were all greater than or equal to 70 points.Also, no gender difference was found in the total ABC (55(44, 67), 59(40, 67), n Z=0.067, n P=0.947) and CARS (32(30, 35), 34(30, 36), n Z=0.657, n P=0.511) between the ASD boys and ASD girls when the general quotient of the GDS-C were all less than 70 points.The eye-hand coordination (64(52, 77), 60(43, 72), n Z=2.138, n P=0.033), performance (68(51, 86), 59(43, 68), n Z=3.270, n P=0.001), and practical reasoning (68(55, 91), 51(33, 58), n Z=2.686, n P=0.007) quotients of the ASD boys were significantly higher than those of the ASD girls.Compared with boys, a markedly higher proportion of developmental delay (35(80%), 124(51%), χ n 2=12.083, n P=0.001) was recorded for girls in relation to the performance subscale.There were significant differences in the total scores of ABC and CARS, the locomotor and eye-hand coordination quotients in GDS-C among ASD children of different ages(all n P<0.05). The older the first diagnosis age, the lower the scores.The age of initial diagnosis was negatively correlated with the total scores of ABC (n r=-0.259), CARS (n r=-0.268), general quotient of GDS-C (n r=-0.127), locomotor (n r=-0.275), eye-hand coordination (n r=-0.213), performance (n r=-0.160) and practical reasoning (n r=-0.307) (all n P<0.05), while positively correlated with hearing and language development quotient (n r=0.143) (n P<0.05).n Conclusion:No significant gender difference was found on the severity of ASD in children aged 18 to 96 months, but the developmental level of some areas in boys was better than that of girls with ASD.ASD severity and developmental level vary depending on the age at which their ASD was diagnosed.The age of initial diagnosis is related to the severity and developmental level of ASD.