德国浪漫主义风景画家大卫·弗里德里希的《山中的十字架》因其身份的模糊性,自其完成之时就饱受争议。本文只从社会文化生态环境入手揭示出隐藏在争议背后的其实是画家对那个时代浪漫主义自然观的理解、对其民族意识的表达和对宗教精神的信仰。与此同时,这幅作品也折射出了19世纪初期德国的文化建构与视觉特色。 The “cross in the mountains” of the German romantic landscape painter David Friedrich has been disputed since its completion by its ambiguity. This article only reveals from the socio-cultural and ecological environment that the hidden behind the controversy is actually the artist’s understanding of the Romantic view of nature in that era, the expression of his national consciousness and his belief in religious spirits. In the meantime, this work also reflects the cultural construction and visual features of Germany in the early 19th century.