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《18 44年经济学哲学手稿》中 ,马克思在批判扬弃德国思想界关于人的本质的学说的基础上 ,明确地提出了关于人的科学的思想。其内容包括人的自然本质、类本质、社会本质和个性特征四个层面 ,前三者构成人的本质结构 ,个性则是人的本质结构的具体存在方式。人的本质结构呈现为“双重存在”,包含着受动性和能动性、实然性和应然性、科学因素和价值因素的矛盾统一 ,其内在的张力是推动个人行动以至社会发展的根本动力
In the 1844 Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts, Marx clearly put forward the scientific thinking of mankind on the basis of criticizing and abandoning the doctrine of the nature of human beings in German intellectual circles. Its content includes four aspects: human nature essence, nature of class, nature of society and personality characteristics. The former three constitute the essential structure of human being, and the individuality is the concrete existence way of human nature structure. The essential structure of human beings appears as a “dual existence”, which contains the contradictory unity of mobility and initiative, actuality and dueness, scientific and value factors, and its intrinsic tension is the fundamental motivation for promoting individual actions and social development