本文通过对寻甸县河口乡彝族中小学学生进行整群随机抽样调查分析，结果表明，农村中小学彝族学生患龋率低于城市，龋补牙数等于零，学生口腔卫生状况极差，刷牙率不到２０％，牙龈炎随年龄的增长而增高。调查结果提示：在贫困少数民族地区中小学生中，开展口腔健康教育，教会他们简单、经济、可行而有效的口腔保健措施，促使他们改变不卫生习惯，是提高农村中小学生口腔健康状况的主要途径 In this paper, a randomized cluster analysis of the Yi primary and secondary school students in Xikou County, Xundian County showed that the caries prevalence rate of Yi students in primary and secondary schools in rural areas was lower than that in urban areas. The number of dental caries was equal to zero and the dental hygienic condition was very poor. To 20%, gingivitis increases with age. The results of the survey indicate that it is the primary way to improve oral health education among primary and middle school students in poor ethnic minority areas by carrying out oral health education and teaching them simple, economical, feasible and effective oral health care measures to promote them to change their unhealthy habits.