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家庭是人类社会最重要、最基本的结构单位,其他的社会结构单位或多或少都与家庭有着密切的联系。研究一个社会不能不研究其家庭和由家庭建构的关系网。社会学家研究的社会结构就是指一种社会关系网络,正如拉德克里夫-布朗所说的:“通过直接观察我们可以感受到人类是由一个复杂的社会关系网络所联系的。我用社会结构这个词来表示实际存在的这个关系网络。”(包智明,1996, 304)几乎所有的社会学家都把构成社会结构的要素定为角色、制度、群体、社会阶层等。其中富永健一把群体分为基础群体和功能群体,所谓基础群体是指被血缘、姻缘等关系本身所决定而结成的社会群体。(富永健一,1988,34-35)
Family is the most important and basic structural unit of human society, and other social structural units are more or less closely connected with the family. Studying a society can not but study its family and family-built relationships. The social structure that sociologists study refers to a network of social relations, as Radcliffe-Brown puts it: “By direct observation we can feel that human beings are linked by a complex network of social relations. The term social structure is used to denote the existence of this network of relationships. ”(Bauhinia, 1996, 304) Almost all sociologists define the elements that make up social structures as roles, institutions, groups, and social classes. Fu Yongjian which a group is divided into basic groups and functional groups, the so-called basic group refers to the blood, marriage and other relations formed by the decision of their own social groups. (Fu Yongjian one, 1988,34-35)