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目的依据研究资料探讨漆包线上下游企业职业病危害差异,为职业病危害控制提供建议。方法选取铜陵市2008年新建成的漆包线上下游企业,同时进行静态列队和动态队列研究。截止到2015年静态队列漆包线上游企业(下文简称上游企业)35人、漆包线下游企业(下文简称下游企业)68人完成随访;动态队列上游企业349人年、下游企业1 015人年完成随访。结果研究对象基线情况比较差异无统计学意义。静态队列中下游企业职业相关异常发生率高于上游企业(χ2=3.99,P<0.05),下游企业发生职业相关异常的RR为2.92(95%CI:1.02~8.35);下游企业男性员工发生职业相关异常的RR为2.97(95%CI:1.02~8.86),下游企业女性员工发生职业相关异常的RR为0.50(95%CI:0.06~4.33);动态队列中下游企业职业相关异常发生率大于漆包线上游企业(χ2=11.34,P<0.01);下游企业发生职业相关异常的RR为2.97(95%CI:1.58~5.58),发生职业相关异常的AR为5.45%。结论漆包线下游企业发生职业危害的风险大于漆包线上游企业。
Objective To explore the differences of occupational hazards among enterprises upstream and downstream of the enameled wire according to the research data and to provide suggestions for the control of occupational hazards. Methods Selected upper and lower reaches of enameled wire enterprises in Tongling City in 2008, at the same time, static queuing and dynamic cohort research. By the end of 2015, there were 35 enterprises in the upper reaches of the static queue enameled wire (hereinafter referred to as the upstream enterprises) and 68 people in the downstream of the enameled wire enterprises (hereinafter referred to as the downstream enterprises) for follow-up; 349 people in the upstream of the dynamic queue and 1 015 persons in the downstream enterprises were followed up. Results There was no significant difference in the baseline conditions of the study subjects. The incidence of occupational-related abnormalities in the downstream firms in the static cohort was higher than that in the upstream firms (χ2 = 3.99, P <0.05), and the RRs for occupational-related abnormalities in the downstream firms were 2.92 (95% CI: 1.02-8.35) The RR of related abnormalities was 2.97 (95% CI: 1.02-8.86). The RR of occupational abnormalities among female employees in downstream enterprises was 0.50 (95% CI: 0.06-4.33). The incidence of occupational abnormalities in the middle and downstream firms was higher than that of enameled wire (Χ2 = 11.34, P <0.01). The RR of occupational-related abnormalities in downstream enterprises was 2.97 (95% CI: 1.58-5.58), and the AR of occupational-related abnormalities was 5.45%. Conclusions The risk of occupational hazards of enterprises downstream of enameled wire is greater than that of enameled wire upstream enterprises.