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黑河下游是生态环境特别脆弱的地区,地下水位具有重要的生态意义。研究该区域地下水位的波动变化,对于生态环境的恢复与管理具有重要的指导意义。以河流20 km缓冲区为研究区,基于观测数据对2006年地下水位与分水前(2000年)的地下水位进行对比,分析得出:随着生态输水工程的启动,地下水位在总体上得到明显升高,研究区北部横剖面线上地下水平均升高0.995 m,南部横剖面线上平均升高0.497 m。西河纵剖面上输水后地下水位在下游提升最为明显,平均水位上升2.41 m,中游提升不大,大约为0.22 m;东河纵剖面上下游水位提升比较明显,水位上升1.06 m,但中游地下水在分水后仍有显著下降,平均下降0.96 m,上游地下水位上升0.90 m。研究区不同区域地下水时间(1990—2010年)变化趋势不同。有持续上升型,有持续下降型,有下降转为上升型,2002年成为转折点;额济纳旗农业灌溉对局部地区地下水影响较大,农业用水与生态需水的矛盾逐渐显露出来。
The lower reaches of the Heihe River is a particularly vulnerable area of ecological environment, groundwater level has an important ecological significance. Studying the fluctuation of groundwater level in this area has important guiding significance for the restoration and management of ecological environment. Taking the 20 km buffer zone of the river as the study area, the groundwater level in 2006 was compared with the groundwater level in 2006 before and after water diversion (2000) based on the observation data. It is concluded that with the start of ecological water conveyance project, The average groundwater level in the northern cross-section of the study area increased by 0.995 m in average, while that in the southern cross-section increased by an average of 0.497 m. The water table after water conveyance in the longitudinal section of the Xihe River has the most obvious increase in the downstream. The average water level rises 2.41 m, but the increase in the middle reaches is not significant, about 0.22 m. The water level in the upstream and downstream of the longitudinal section of the East River rises more obviously with the water level rising 1.06 m. However, After water diversion, there was still a significant decrease, with an average decrease of 0.96 m and an increase of 0.90 m in upstream water table. The trend of groundwater in different regions of the study area (1990-2010) is different. There was a continuous rise, a continuous decline, a decline to a rising type, turning into a turning point in 2002; Ejina Banner agricultural irrigation in some areas greater impact on groundwater, agricultural water and ecological water contradictions gradually revealed.