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目的探索血吸虫病监测预警的方法与手段,为提高血吸虫病监测预警系统的敏感性提供科学依据。方法在湖南、湖北、江西、安徽、江苏、云南和四川7个省选择血吸虫病易感重点水域,采用哨鼠尾蚴测定法,分别于2010年6月和9月开展2次现场检测。哨鼠在实验室饲养后解剖观察血吸虫感染情况,建立全国重点水域血吸虫感染性数据库,分析哨鼠监测预警阳性点的时空分布和环境特点等情况。结果 2010年6月和9月在7个省34个县(市、区)检测了72个点。共投放哨鼠2667只,回收哨鼠2613只,总回收率为97.98%;共检出17个阳性点,阳性点出现率为23.61%,其中6月份阳性点出现率为17.24%(10/58),9月份阳性点出现率为14.71%(10/68),差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.151,P=0.698)。共解剖哨鼠2436只,检出阳性哨鼠90只,检获血吸虫459条,哨鼠总感染率为3.69%,阳性鼠平均虫负荷为5.10条/鼠。6月份哨鼠感染率为2.82%(31/1099),阳性鼠平均虫负荷为2.45条/鼠;9月份哨鼠感染率为4.41%(59/1337),阳性鼠平均虫负荷为6.49条/鼠,9月份哨鼠感染率显著高于6月份(χ2=14.681,P<0.01)。当年有感染性钉螺、上年有感染性钉螺和近3年无感染性钉螺环境哨鼠阳性点检出率分别为29.63%、41.67%和12.12%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=5.227,P=0.071);上述3类环境哨鼠感染率分别为9.38%、3.98%和0.59%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=20.489,P<0.01)。结论重点水域哨鼠感染监测结果能基本反映当地血吸虫病疫情,对近年未查出感染性钉螺的环境仍能检出较多阳性。采用哨鼠测定法在重点水域进行监测预警将显著提高血吸虫病监测预警系统的敏感性。
Objective To explore methods and means of monitoring and early warning of schistosomiasis and provide scientific basis for improving the sensitivity of monitoring and early warning system of schistosomiasis. Methods Schistosoma japonicum susceptible water was selected in Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Yunnan and Sichuan provinces. Two field tests were conducted in June and September 2010 separately. The rats were dissected to observe the infection of Schistosoma japonicum in the laboratory. The database of schistosomiasis infection in key waters of the country was established. The spatial and temporal distribution of the positive points of the monitoring and warning in the sentinel rats and the environmental characteristics were also analyzed. Results In June and September 2010, 72 points were detected in 34 counties (cities and districts) of 7 provinces. A total of 2667 sentinels and 2613 recovered sentinels were collected, with a total recovery rate of 97.98%. A total of 17 positive spots were detected with a positive rate of 23.61%, of which positive rate was 17.24% in June (10/58 ). The positive rate in September was 14.71% (10/68), with no significant difference (χ2 = 0.151, P = 0.698). A total of 2436 sentinel mice were dissected, including 90 positive sentinel mice and 459 schistosomes. The total infection rate of sentinel rats was 3.69%. The average load of positive mice was 5.10 / mouse. The infection rate of sentinel mice was 2.82% (31/1099) in June, and the average number of infected mice was 2.45 / mouse in September. The infection rate in September was 4.41% (59/1337) In rats, the infection rate of semen in September was significantly higher than that in June (χ2 = 14.681, P <0.01). The prevalence of infectious snails in that year was 29.63%, 41.67% and 12.12% respectively, with no significant difference (χ2 = 5.227, P = 0.071). The infection rates of these three kinds of environmental Sentry mice were 9.38%, 3.98% and 0.59%, respectively, with significant difference (χ2 = 20.489, P <0.01). Conclusion The results of the surveillance of sentinel infection in key waters basically reflect the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in the local area, and more positive results can still be detected in the environment where the infected snails are not detected in recent years. The use of sentinel assay in key waters for monitoring and early warning will significantly improve the sensitivity of schistosomiasis monitoring and early warning system.