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目的了解和掌握50年来(1956～2005年)计划免疫相关病发病率变化规律,为科学制订免疫规划提供依据。方法采用时间序列研究方法进行分析,每10年为一个时期。结果1956～2005年,计免相关疾病呈大幅度下降,5个时期发病率分别为8 918.32/10万、7 717.63/10万、982.34/10万、302.97/10万和215.45/10万。以1956～1965年计划免疫相关发病率为前期和基线,与后4个10年发病率相关病发病率相比,发病率大幅度下降,分别下降:67.67%、93.54%、99.26%和99.46%。单病发病以麻疹为最多,其次为流脑和乙脑,脊灰与白喉分别于1977年和1981年出现最后一例病例。共报告死亡病例307例,平均死亡率2.51/10万,占死亡总数的8.52%,与计免前期相比,分别下降64.31%,92.94%,96.15%和99.49%。结论使用疫苗预防和控制相应传染病,尤其是1978年实施计划免疫后,成绩斐然,计划免疫是最有效、最符合成本效益的手段。
Objective To understand and master the law of the incidence of immunization-related diseases in the past 50 years (from 1956 to 2005), and provide evidence for the scientific formulation of immunization programs. Methods The method of time series analysis, every 10 years as a period. Results From 1956 to 2005, there was a significant decrease in the number of disease-free diseases, with the incidence rates of 8 918.32 / 100,000, 7 717.63 / 100,000, 982.34 / 100,000, 302.97 / 100,000 and 215.45 / 100,000 respectively in the five periods. The incidence rates of the planned immunizations from 1956 to 1965 were pre-and baseline, and the incidence rate dropped significantly compared with the morbidity-related morbidity in the last four 10-year incidences: 67.67%, 93.54%, 99.26% and 99.46% respectively . Measles was the most common single disease, followed by melobil and JE. Polio and diphtheria were the last cases in 1977 and 1981, respectively. A total of 307 deaths were reported, with an average of 2.51 / 100,000 deaths, accounting for 8.52% of the total deaths, down by 64.31%, 92.94%, 96.15% and 99.49% respectively. Conclusions The use of vaccines to prevent and control the corresponding communicable diseases has achieved remarkable results, especially after the planned immunization in 1978. Planned immunization is the most effective and cost-effective means.