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对雄黄中不同形态砷的毒性及其毒性机制进行文献整理和分析。查阅了国内外有关文献28篇,进行归纳整理并分析汇总。首先介绍了其对肝、肾、膀胱、神经、皮肤、胎儿发育等的毒性损伤情况及损伤机制,砷在生物体内以无机砷和有机砷等不同形态存在,依形态不同毒性有较大差异:三价砷(AsⅢ)可引起肝细胞的凋亡和灶状坏死,五价砷(AsⅤ),五价甲基砷酸(MMAⅤ),五价二甲基砷酸(DMAⅤ)可引起肝细胞肿胀和灶状炎症。DMAⅤ的毒性较MMAⅤ大,若长期接触DMAⅤ和MMAⅤ可引起动物膀胱和皮肤组织肿瘤。MMAⅤ和DMAⅤ对调节神经丝蛋白基因的毒性较亚砷酸盐(iAsⅢ)和砷酸盐(iAsⅤ)强,能明显改变细胞骨架基因的表达水平。此外,iAsⅢ和MMAⅢ对人造血干细胞也能产生明显的毒性。这些总结将为系统探究雄黄不同形态砷与毒性的相关性提供基础。
The toxicity and toxicity mechanism of different forms of arsenic in realgar were collated and analyzed. Access to the relevant literature at home and abroad 28, summarized and analyzed summary. Firstly, the toxic injury and injury mechanism of liver, kidney, bladder, nerve, skin and fetus were introduced. Arsenic existed in different forms such as inorganic arsenic and organic arsenic in organism, Trivalent arsenic (As Ⅲ) can cause apoptosis and focal necrosis of hepatocytes. AsⅤ, MMAⅤ and DMAⅤ can cause hepatocyte swelling And focal inflammation. DMAV toxicity than MMA Ⅴ, if long-term exposure to DMAV and MMA V can cause animal bladder and skin tissue tumors. MMA V and DMA V were more toxic to regulating neurofilament genes than iAs III and arsenate (iAs V), and could significantly change the cytoskeletal gene expression. In addition, iAs Ⅲ and MMA Ⅲ can produce obvious toxicity to human hematopoietic stem cells. These conclusions will provide a basis for systematically exploring the correlation between the different forms of As and toxicity of realgar.