司马迁“发愤著书”理论在清代的发展主要有三个方面：１－ 鲜明的时代性。清初，许多作家借“发愤”说发民族之义愤；鸦片战争以后，发仇恨帝国主义、振兴中华民族之感情。２－ 范围的拓宽。不少作者从文学理论与创作实践的结合上，把它应用于小说创作中。３－“发愤”之作冲破“中和”思想，表现出与世抗争的精神。清代发愤说，对“五四”以后的新文学产生了积极的影响 Sima Qian “angry book” theory in the development of the Qing Dynasty there are three main aspects: 1 - a distinct era. In the early Qing Dynasty, many writers used the phrase of “indignation” to express the indignation of the nation. After the Opium War, they hate hates imperialism and rejuvenate the Chinese nation. 2-range widening. Many authors apply it to the creation of novels from the combination of literary theory and creative practice. 3- “Outragedness” Break through the “neutralization” thinking and show the spirit of fighting against the world. The anger of the Qing Dynasty said that it had a positive impact on the new literature after the May 4th Movement