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以高产、高效和环境友好为目标的蔬菜生产需要合理科学的氮素管理。通过查阅大量文献,该研究总结了3种主要蔬菜的氮肥施用量及利用率,并提出了过量施肥导致的环境问题。针对这些存在的问题并借鉴其它作物成熟的经验,研究提出“总量控制,分期调控,土壤供给,科学配比,灵活多样”的蔬菜氮肥利用总原则。最后对蔬菜施肥技术提出展望。该研究为蔬菜高产、高效、环境友好的养分管理栽培生产技术提供了思路。
Vegetable production, aiming at high yield, high efficiency and environmental friendliness, requires sound scientific nitrogen management. Through reviewing a large number of literatures, this study summarized the nitrogen application rate and utilization rate of three main vegetables and proposed the environmental problems caused by excessive fertilization. In response to these existing problems and drawing on the experience gained from other crops, the general principle of nitrogen utilization in vegetables is put forward, that is, “total control, staging, soil supply, scientific matching, flexible and diverse”. Finally put forward the prospect of vegetable fertilization technology. The research provided ideas for high yield, high efficiency and environment-friendly nutrition management cultivation technology.