博物馆作为一项社会文化事业，是人类社会经济和文化发展到一定历史阶段才出现的。在创立之初相当长的时间里，博物馆只作为供皇室及少数富人观赏奇珍异物的收藏室。１８世纪末，随着西欧一些国家博物馆的相继建立及对社会公众的开放，博物馆的社会功能有了新的发展。收藏、研 As a social and cultural undertaking, museums have emerged only after a certain historic stage in the development of human society and economy and culture. At a very early stage of its establishment, the museum serves only as a collection room for the royal family and a handful of rich people to observe exotic things. In the late 18th century, with the successive establishment of museums in some Western European countries and the opening up to the public, the social functions of the museum have been further developed. Collection, research