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一、 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用
1. 在动词wish后的宾语从句中
wish后接宾语从句用来表达难以实现的愿望，谓语常用过去时来表示现在的情况（be动词用were），用过去完成时表示过去的情况，用“would/could/might+动词原形”来表示将来的情况。例如：
Have you ever wished you could paint as well as a professional artist? 你是否希望自己能够画得像专业艺术家那么好呢？
此句是对将来情况的虚拟，表示对将来的愿望，所以wish 后的宾语从句用“could+动词原形”。又如：
(2002年上海春季卷) How I wish every family a large house with a beautiful garden!
A. has B. had
C. will have D. had had
答案 B
解析 根据题意，这是对现在情况的虚拟，所以wish 后的宾语从句应该用一般过去时。又如：
I wish I were as brave as you. 我希望我能像你一样勇敢。
I wish I had met him yesterday. 我希望我昨天见到了他。
2. 在would rather后的宾语从句中
would rather 表示“宁愿”，其引导的虚拟语气谓语常用过去时表示现在或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况。例如：
(2010年江苏卷) George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he______________ more on its culture.
A. focus B. focused
C. would focus D. had focused
答案 B
解析 由题目中is gong to可知这是对将来情况的虚拟，所以用一般过去时。
又如：
I would rather you did it now. 我宁愿你现在做。
I would rather you had returned my book yesterday. 我宁愿你昨天就还了我的书。
3. 在表示“建议，要求，请求或命令”等动词后的宾语从句中
在本句型中，谓语用“should+动词原形”的虚拟结构，其中，should 可以省略。主要动词有demand（要求）, suggest, advise, recommend（建議）, propose（建议）, order, command, request, insist(坚持要求)等。例如：
(2010年福建卷) Teachers recommend parents their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
A. not allow B. do not allow
C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow
答案 A
解析 recommend在这里意为“建议”，后接宾语从句，谓语用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略，因此答案为A。
注意 当insist 表示“坚持认为，坚持说”之意时不用虚拟语气。例如：Mike insisted that he stole nothing. 这里不能用should steel。当suggest表示“表明，暗示”之意时也不用虚拟语气。例如：His angry expression suggested that he didn’t like what you said. 这里不能用should not like。
二、 虚拟语气在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的运用
表示“建议，要求，请求或命令”等意义的词出现在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中时，谓语要用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”，should 可以省略。例如：
It’s suggested that one (should) take exercise every day. (主语从句) 建议人们每天都要运动。
His suggestion is that you (should) take measures at once. (表语从句) 他建议你马上采取措施。
He made a suggestion that you (should) take measures at once. (同位语从句) 他建议你马上采取措施。
此外，在主语从句中，表示“做某事很重要、必要，很遗憾或者很奇怪”时，谓语也要用“should+动词原形”的虚拟结构，should 可以省略。例如：
It’s important/necessary that we (should) learn English well. 我们学好英语是十分重要的。
It’s a pity that he (should) be late again. 他又迟到了，真是遗憾。
【练习】
1. Mary went shopping yesterday, but I’d rather he______________ (待在家里). (stay)
2. Being nervous would do him no good in such an important exam, so I advised that he______________ (别紧张). (take)
3. The order came that more trees______________
(种植) in this area. (plant)
4. I wish I______________ (没有用完) money last week. (run)
5. The headmaster insisted that the meeting______________ (不推迟). (put)
[【参考答案】]
1. had stayed at home
2. (should) take it easy
3. (should) be planted
4. hadn’t run out of
5. (should) not be put off
1. 在动词wish后的宾语从句中
wish后接宾语从句用来表达难以实现的愿望，谓语常用过去时来表示现在的情况（be动词用were），用过去完成时表示过去的情况，用“would/could/might+动词原形”来表示将来的情况。例如：
Have you ever wished you could paint as well as a professional artist? 你是否希望自己能够画得像专业艺术家那么好呢？
此句是对将来情况的虚拟，表示对将来的愿望，所以wish 后的宾语从句用“could+动词原形”。又如：
(2002年上海春季卷) How I wish every family a large house with a beautiful garden!
A. has B. had
C. will have D. had had
答案 B
解析 根据题意，这是对现在情况的虚拟，所以wish 后的宾语从句应该用一般过去时。又如：
I wish I were as brave as you. 我希望我能像你一样勇敢。
I wish I had met him yesterday. 我希望我昨天见到了他。
2. 在would rather后的宾语从句中
would rather 表示“宁愿”，其引导的虚拟语气谓语常用过去时表示现在或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况。例如：
(2010年江苏卷) George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he______________ more on its culture.
A. focus B. focused
C. would focus D. had focused
答案 B
解析 由题目中is gong to可知这是对将来情况的虚拟，所以用一般过去时。
又如：
I would rather you did it now. 我宁愿你现在做。
I would rather you had returned my book yesterday. 我宁愿你昨天就还了我的书。
3. 在表示“建议，要求，请求或命令”等动词后的宾语从句中
在本句型中，谓语用“should+动词原形”的虚拟结构，其中，should 可以省略。主要动词有demand（要求）, suggest, advise, recommend（建議）, propose（建议）, order, command, request, insist(坚持要求)等。例如：
(2010年福建卷) Teachers recommend parents their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
A. not allow B. do not allow
C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow
答案 A
解析 recommend在这里意为“建议”，后接宾语从句，谓语用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略，因此答案为A。
注意 当insist 表示“坚持认为，坚持说”之意时不用虚拟语气。例如：Mike insisted that he stole nothing. 这里不能用should steel。当suggest表示“表明，暗示”之意时也不用虚拟语气。例如：His angry expression suggested that he didn’t like what you said. 这里不能用should not like。
二、 虚拟语气在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的运用
表示“建议，要求，请求或命令”等意义的词出现在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中时，谓语要用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”，should 可以省略。例如：
It’s suggested that one (should) take exercise every day. (主语从句) 建议人们每天都要运动。
His suggestion is that you (should) take measures at once. (表语从句) 他建议你马上采取措施。
He made a suggestion that you (should) take measures at once. (同位语从句) 他建议你马上采取措施。
此外，在主语从句中，表示“做某事很重要、必要，很遗憾或者很奇怪”时，谓语也要用“should+动词原形”的虚拟结构，should 可以省略。例如：
It’s important/necessary that we (should) learn English well. 我们学好英语是十分重要的。
It’s a pity that he (should) be late again. 他又迟到了，真是遗憾。
【练习】
1. Mary went shopping yesterday, but I’d rather he______________ (待在家里). (stay)
2. Being nervous would do him no good in such an important exam, so I advised that he______________ (别紧张). (take)
3. The order came that more trees______________
(种植) in this area. (plant)
4. I wish I______________ (没有用完) money last week. (run)
5. The headmaster insisted that the meeting______________ (不推迟). (put)
[【参考答案】]
1. had stayed at home
2. (should) take it easy
3. (should) be planted
4. hadn’t run out of
5. (should) not be put off