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目的探讨急性职业中毒的原因及相关预防方法。方法收集某市2011年3月至2014年9月70例急性职业中毒患者资料进行回顾性分析,分析引发急性职业中毒的具体原因。结果急性职业中毒毒物种类较多,其中砷化氢、甲苯及氯气中毒人数构成比分别为21.43%、25.71%及28.57%;硫化氢及一氧化碳各致死2例,氨气致死1例。急性职业中毒发生原因包括违反安全操作规范、缺乏安全知识、未使用个人防护用品、无通风排毒设备及意外事故等,其中因违反安全操作规范中毒患者占71.43%,明显高于其他原因。结论急性职业中毒原因较多,根据其发生规律,制定针对性预防方案,具有重要意义。
Objective To explore the causes of acute occupational poisoning and related prevention methods. Methods A retrospective analysis of 70 cases of acute occupational poisoning in a city from March 2011 to September 2014 was conducted to analyze the specific causes of acute occupational poisoning. Results Acute occupational poisoning poisonous species were found. Among them, the constituent ratios of arsine, toluene and chlorine poisoning were 21.43%, 25.71% and 28.57% respectively; 2 cases were caused by hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide each, and 1 case was caused by ammonia gas. The causes of acute occupational poisoning include violation of safety practices, lack of safety knowledge, non-use of personal protective equipment, ventilation and detoxification equipment and accidents, among which 71.43% were poisoned due to violation of safe operating practices, which is obviously higher than other reasons. Conclusion There are many causes of acute occupational poisoning. According to its occurrence, it is of great significance to formulate targeted prevention programs.