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目的检测和评估手传振动企业的手传振动危害,初步分析手传振动作业工人冷水复温率的影响因素。方法以广东省五家企业的接振工人为研究对象,现场检测振动接触水平,测定冷水复温率。通过问卷调查,了解不同岗位接振工人的一般情况。分析性别、年龄、吸烟、饮酒、高血压、接振剂量、不同岗位与冷水复温异常率的关联。结果所检测的48个接振岗位操作中有31个岗位的振动水平A(4)超过我国国家标准规定的5 m/s2,超标率64.6%。按国际上A(8)的分级标准,有28个点达到或超过Ⅰ级危险度。经单因素χ2检验,年龄、吸烟指数、高血压、接振剂量对冷水复温异常影响的差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。Logistic回归分析发现,年龄≥40岁与冷水复温率关联的比值比(OR)=1.865(P<0.05)。吸烟指数>600与冷水复温率关联的OR=2.474(P<0.05)。高血压与冷水复温率关联的OR=1.231(P<0.05)。饮酒指数≤600与冷水复温率关联的OR=0.395(P<0.05)。中剂量组、高剂量组与冷水复温率的关联的OR值分别为1.232、2.135(P均>0.05)。结论所调查的企业手传振动危害严重。年龄、吸烟、高血压是影响冷水复温率异常的危险因素,饮酒指数≤600是保护因素。接振剂量与冷水复温异常无明显相关。
Objective To detect and evaluate the hazards of hand-to-hand vibration in hand-transmitted vibration enterprises and to analyze the influencing factors of hand-vibration-induced vibration rate of cold water in workers. Methods Taking the vibration-driven workers in five enterprises in Guangdong Province as the research object, the vibration exposure level was detected on site and the rate of cold water rewarming was measured. Through the questionnaire survey, understand the different positions to pick up the general situation of workers. Analysis of gender, age, smoking, alcohol consumption, high blood pressure, vibration dose, different post and cold water temperature anomalous rate of association. Results The vibration level A (4) of 31 posts in the 48 posts that were subjected to vibration control exceeded 5 m / s2 as stipulated by China’s national standard, and the exceeding standard rate was 64.6%. According to the international A (8) grading standards, 28 points meet or exceed the level Ⅰ risk. The single factor χ2 test, age, smoking index, high blood pressure, vibration dose on cold water temperature anomalous difference was statistically significant (P all <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that odds ratio (OR) = 1.865 (P <0.05) correlated with the rate of cold water rewarming between the age of 40 years. OR = 2.474 (P <0.05) correlated with cold water rewarming rate for smoking index> 600. OR = 1.231 (P <0.05) correlated with the rate of cold water rewarming. OR = 0.395 (P <0.05) associated with cold water rewarming rate ≤600. The OR of middle dose group, high dose group and cold water rewarming rate were 1.232,2.135 (P> 0.05). Conclusion The hands-on vibration of enterprises surveyed is seriously harmful. Age, smoking, high blood pressure are the risk factors that affect the abnormal rate of cold water refolding. The drinking index ≤600 is the protective factor. There was no significant correlation between the dose and the rewarming temperature.