在当代规范伦理学的讨论中,道义论(deontology)认为,即便以带来少量恶为代价,去避免更多的恶,从道德上来说也是不可允许的(impermissible)。换句话说,在道义论者看来,人类道德思维受到“道德约束”的限制,而道德理论的首要功能就是要找出道德错性(moral wrongness)的根据,并以 In the discussion of contemporary normative ethics, deontology holds that even avoiding evil at the expense of bringing a small amount of evil is morally morally impermissible. In other words, in the view of moralists, human moral thinking is limited by “moral restraint”. The primary function of moral theory is to find out the basis of moral wrongness,