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近年来,在高校招生宣传时,不少高校尤其是一些名牌大学的招生章程中不时出现“按院系招生”“按大类培养”之类的新名词。按大类招生,简单地说,就是按学科大类招生,是相对于按专业招生而言的。按照教育部2001年规定的普通高等学校本科专业设置分类,共分11个学科门类。如文学、历史学、理学、工学等;11个学科门类下设71个专业类,如中国语言文学类、历史学类、数学类、机械类等。在这71个专业类下又细分为专业,如汉语言文学、历史学、数学与应用数学、机械设计制造及其自动化等。
In recent years, at the time of college admissions publicity, many colleges and universities, especially some prestigious universities, appear from time to time with new terms such as “according to college admissions” and “cultivation by major categories”. Enrollment according to major categories, simply put, is enrollment according to the major disciplines, which is relative to the enrollment of students by profession. According to the classification of undergraduate majors set by the Ministry of Education in 2001, there are 11 subject categories. Such as literature, history, science, engineering, etc.; 11 disciplines under the 71 professional categories, such as Chinese language and literature, history, mathematics, machinery and so on. Under these 71 professional categories, they are further subdivided into professions such as Chinese language and literature, history, mathematics and applied mathematics, mechanical design and manufacturing, and automation.