1、一般认为,在德·索绪尔之前,尤其是19世纪历史比较语法之前的语言研究属语文学范畴;因为当时的语言研究是为其他学科,尤其是文学、史学、哲学等服务的,语言学本身不是一门独立的学科。德·索绪尔的主要贡献就是继19世纪历史比较语法之后进一步确立了语言学这门学科独立的地位,他明确指出。语言是一个符号系统。他更为明晰地区分或阐发了语言和言语、历时和共时,组合和聚合等关系。他的理论开创了语言学研究的先河,为以 1. It is generally believed that linguistic studies preceded de Saussure, especially before the comparative grammar of the 19th century, belonged to linguistic categories. Because language studies at that time served other disciplines, especially literature, history and philosophy, Linguistics itself is not an independent discipline. De Saussure’s main contribution is the further establishment of an independent linguistics position following the comparative grammar of the nineteenth century, as he pointed out explicitly. Language is a symbolic system. He distinguished or clarified more clearly the relationship between language and speech, diachronic and synchronic, combination and aggregation. His theory pioneered the study of linguistics, as