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冷弯方管成形有“直接成方”和“圆成方”两种方式。为了研究成形工艺对于产品的不同影响,以规格为100mm×100mm×6mm,材料为Q235的两种成形工艺的方管为研究对象,采用钻孔法对方管各个部位的残余应力进行了测量,并观测了焊缝处的显微组织。研究结果表明,不同成形工艺对纵向残余应力的分布影响较大,焊缝处的残余应力最大。“圆成方”过程中施加较大的焊接压力使得其焊接热影响区宽度小于“直接成方”工艺条件下焊接热影响区的宽度,且抑制了奥氏体晶粒长大,冷却后获得较为细小均匀的晶粒。
Cold-formed square tube has “directly into the square ” and “round into the square ” in two ways. In order to study the different effects of the forming process on the products, the square tube with the dimensions of 100mm × 100mm × 6mm and the material Q235 was selected as the research object. The residual stress of each part of the square tube was measured by drilling method. The microstructure at the weld was observed. The results show that different forming processes have a great influence on the distribution of longitudinal residual stress, and the residual stress at the weld joint is the largest. “Round into the square ” during the application of a larger welding pressure so that the weld heat affected zone width is less than “directly into the square ” under the conditions of welding heat-affected zone width, and inhibit austenite grain growth, After cooling to obtain more small and uniform grains.