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上腔静脉综合征最常见的病因是支气管肺癌、淋巴瘤及转移癌,其次是甲状腺肿大、纤维性纵隔炎、缩窄性心包炎等。随着使用中心静脉插管进行肿瘤化疗,胃肠外高营养疗法以及长期抗菌疗法,使其发病率升高。上腔静脉综合征的典型表现是上肢、颈部和面部充血和水肿,静脉压增高,中枢神经系统障碍,球结膜水肿,吞咽困难和呼吸困难。作者为了了解溶栓疗法对该综合征的效果和安全性,回顾性研究了1982～1990年326例该综合征住院病人中进行溶栓疗法的16例。
The most common causes of superior vena cava syndrome are bronchogenic carcinoma, lymphoma and metastases, followed by goiter, fibrous mediastinitis, and constrictive pericarditis. With the use of central venous catheter for tumor chemotherapy, parenteral nutrition therapy and long-term antimicrobial therapy, so that the incidence increased. Typical manifestations of superior vena cava syndrome are congestion and edema of the upper extremity, neck and face, increased venous pressure, central nervous system disorders, bulbar conjunctival edema, dysphagia and dyspnea. In order to understand the effect and safety of thrombolytic therapy on this syndrome, we retrospectively studied 16 patients who underwent thrombolytic therapy in 326 inpatients with this syndrome from 1982 to 1990.