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今年是十二生肖中的龙年。龙是中华民族的精神图腾。在中国传统文化里,龙是是权威、活力、吉祥的象征,是风调雨顺的保证,代表着美好的愿望。属龙的人具有崇高的理想,胆识过人,气质非凡,自我意识强烈,为人坦诚。
然而在西方文化里,龙则是令人生畏的怪物。朗文字典是这样定义 “dragon”的:龙是想象中的一种大型动物,长有翅膀和长尾巴,能喷火。“dragon”一词来自希腊语,有“看”、“看守”之意。传说中的龙是看守财宝的怪物,生性凶残,口吐烈焰,是凶残、邪恶、犯罪的化身。在圣经中,恶魔撒旦被称为the old dragon或the great(red)dragon。后来,人们就用“dragon”一词形容残暴之人,尤指狠毒的女人。西方人把打人的警察也叫“龙”。
下文就与“龙”和“dragon”相关的词语及翻译作简要介绍。
一、与“龙”相关的知识点
tornado(龙卷风);faucet(龙头);dragon-claw(龙爪);dragonfly(蜻蜓);lobster(龙虾);The year of dragon(龙年); dragon lantern(龙灯);the Dragon King’s Palace(龙宫);descendants of the dragon(龙的传人);Dragon Boat Festival(龙舟节);one package service/all-in-one service(一条龙服务);chase the dragon(吸食海洛因);a pigeon pair(龙凤胎);sow dragon’s teeth(播下不和或毁灭的种子);the blind dragon(青年男女初谈爱情时的陪客)。
二、与“龙”有关的熟语
1. Like father, like son/Like breeds like./Dragons beget dragons; phoenixes hatch out phoenixes/Let beggars match with beggars.(谚)龙生龙,凤生凤。
2. With money you are a dragon; without it you are a worm.(谚)有钱你是龙,没钱是你虫。
3. Too many dragons won’t control the flood.龙多不治水。
4. Many dragons lead to a drought and many people create confusion.龙多旱,人多乱。
5. A dragon fears having its scales removed, and a tiger fears having its tendon pulled out.龙怕揭鳞,虎怕伤筋。
6. The dragon has nine sons, each different from the others.龙生九子不成龙。
7. Dragons can’t travel without cloud.龙无云而不行。
8. The dragon in a puddle is the sport of shrimps; The phoenix in a cage is mocked by small birds.龙游沟壑遭虾戏,凤入牢笼被鸟欺。
9. A dragon in shallows falls victim to shrimps; A tiger on the plain can be put upon by dogs.龙游浅水遭虾戏,虎落平阳被犬欺。
10. Even a dragon finds it hard to control a snake in its old haunt—Powerful outsiders can hardly afford to neglect local bullies.强龙难压地头蛇。
三、与“龙”有关的汉语四字词的英译
龙马精神(the vigor of a dragon or horse—vigorous spirit of the aged);车水马龙(heavy traffic);龙飞凤舞(dragons flying and phoenixes dancing);龙潭虎穴(a dragon’s poll and a tiger’s den);龙凤呈祥(prosperity brought by the dragon and the phoenix);龙腾虎跃(like dragon rising and tigers leaping);龙争虎斗(fighting between a tiger and dragon);画龙点睛(putting the finishing touch to the picture of a dragon)。
四、“龙”字的英译
在东西方文化中“龙”的涵义有很大差异。“龙”在中国是吉祥的象征,而英文“dragon”则是邪恶的代表;龙没翅膀,而dragon则有巨大的翅膀;龙身体修长,而dragon身体粗壮;龙不食人间烟火,而dragon吃人和动物;龙主要是金黄色,而dragon主要是黑色。总之,国人心仪的龙与西方人心目中的dragon形象各异,寓意有别。因此,在对“龙”一字的翻译上也颇有争议。比如,为避免引起西方人误会,“亚洲四小龙”被译成“the four tigers of Asia”。一些学者建议把“龙”翻译成Long,Loong, lóng, Chinese dragon等。笔者认为,译文Chinese dragon更贴切,这样可以与英文dragon区分开,同时,可以保留已有的中华悠久文明。
然而在西方文化里,龙则是令人生畏的怪物。朗文字典是这样定义 “dragon”的:龙是想象中的一种大型动物,长有翅膀和长尾巴,能喷火。“dragon”一词来自希腊语,有“看”、“看守”之意。传说中的龙是看守财宝的怪物,生性凶残,口吐烈焰,是凶残、邪恶、犯罪的化身。在圣经中,恶魔撒旦被称为the old dragon或the great(red)dragon。后来,人们就用“dragon”一词形容残暴之人,尤指狠毒的女人。西方人把打人的警察也叫“龙”。
下文就与“龙”和“dragon”相关的词语及翻译作简要介绍。
一、与“龙”相关的知识点
tornado(龙卷风);faucet(龙头);dragon-claw(龙爪);dragonfly(蜻蜓);lobster(龙虾);The year of dragon(龙年); dragon lantern(龙灯);the Dragon King’s Palace(龙宫);descendants of the dragon(龙的传人);Dragon Boat Festival(龙舟节);one package service/all-in-one service(一条龙服务);chase the dragon(吸食海洛因);a pigeon pair(龙凤胎);sow dragon’s teeth(播下不和或毁灭的种子);the blind dragon(青年男女初谈爱情时的陪客)。
二、与“龙”有关的熟语
1. Like father, like son/Like breeds like./Dragons beget dragons; phoenixes hatch out phoenixes/Let beggars match with beggars.(谚)龙生龙,凤生凤。
2. With money you are a dragon; without it you are a worm.(谚)有钱你是龙,没钱是你虫。
3. Too many dragons won’t control the flood.龙多不治水。
4. Many dragons lead to a drought and many people create confusion.龙多旱,人多乱。
5. A dragon fears having its scales removed, and a tiger fears having its tendon pulled out.龙怕揭鳞,虎怕伤筋。
6. The dragon has nine sons, each different from the others.龙生九子不成龙。
7. Dragons can’t travel without cloud.龙无云而不行。
8. The dragon in a puddle is the sport of shrimps; The phoenix in a cage is mocked by small birds.龙游沟壑遭虾戏,凤入牢笼被鸟欺。
9. A dragon in shallows falls victim to shrimps; A tiger on the plain can be put upon by dogs.龙游浅水遭虾戏,虎落平阳被犬欺。
10. Even a dragon finds it hard to control a snake in its old haunt—Powerful outsiders can hardly afford to neglect local bullies.强龙难压地头蛇。
三、与“龙”有关的汉语四字词的英译
龙马精神(the vigor of a dragon or horse—vigorous spirit of the aged);车水马龙(heavy traffic);龙飞凤舞(dragons flying and phoenixes dancing);龙潭虎穴(a dragon’s poll and a tiger’s den);龙凤呈祥(prosperity brought by the dragon and the phoenix);龙腾虎跃(like dragon rising and tigers leaping);龙争虎斗(fighting between a tiger and dragon);画龙点睛(putting the finishing touch to the picture of a dragon)。
四、“龙”字的英译
在东西方文化中“龙”的涵义有很大差异。“龙”在中国是吉祥的象征,而英文“dragon”则是邪恶的代表;龙没翅膀,而dragon则有巨大的翅膀;龙身体修长,而dragon身体粗壮;龙不食人间烟火,而dragon吃人和动物;龙主要是金黄色,而dragon主要是黑色。总之,国人心仪的龙与西方人心目中的dragon形象各异,寓意有别。因此,在对“龙”一字的翻译上也颇有争议。比如,为避免引起西方人误会,“亚洲四小龙”被译成“the four tigers of Asia”。一些学者建议把“龙”翻译成Long,Loong, lóng, Chinese dragon等。笔者认为,译文Chinese dragon更贴切,这样可以与英文dragon区分开,同时,可以保留已有的中华悠久文明。