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目的:系统分析先天性心脏病患儿营养不良的影响因素，为先天性心脏病患儿营养不良的干预提供理论参考。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据库、维普网和中国生物医学文献数据库中收录的有关先天性心脏病患儿营养不良影响因素的文献，检索时限为建库至2021年4月8日。由2名研究者对文献进行独立筛选、提取数据和偏倚风险评价。采用RevMan 5.3软件对影响因素进行Meta分析，对异质性过大或无法合并的因素采用描述性分析。结果:共纳入11篇文献，包含6 454例患儿。Meta分析结果显示，先天性心脏病患儿生长迟缓的影响因素包括肺动脉高压[n OR=3.73，95%n CI（2.25～6.18），n P<0.000 01]、低出生体重[n OR=2.69，95%n CI（1.25～5.77），n P=0.01]及父母身高[n OR=3.88，95%n CI（1.86～8.10），n P=0.000 3]；先天性心脏病患儿低体重的影响因素包括肺动脉高压[n OR=3.21，95%n CI（2.21～4.66），n P<0.000 01]及低出生体重[n OR=2.75，95%n CI（1.83～4.14），n P<0.000 01]；先天性心脏病患儿消瘦的影响因素是肺动脉高压[n OR=3.51，95%n CI（2.21～5.58），n P<0.000 01]。此外，照顾者的情绪、疾病认知及行为，患儿的年龄及病情也是先天性心脏病患儿营养不良的影响因素（n P<0.05）。n 结论:先天性心脏病患儿营养不良的影响因素众多，肺动脉高压、低出生体重是最常见的影响因素。建议未来的研究应提高设计的严谨性，采取统一的测量标准，规范报告质量，为临床提供更加清晰的指导意见。“,”Objectives:To systematically analyze the influencing factors of malnutrition in children with congenital heart disease and provide theoretical reference for the intervention of malnutrition in children with congenital heart disease.Methods:PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Database, VIP and Chinese Biomedical literature database were searched for literatures on the influencing factors of malnutrition in children with congenital heart disease. The retrieval period was from the establishment of the databases to April 8, 2021. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias. RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis of influencing factors, and descriptive analysis was used for factors that were too heterogeneous or could not be combined.Results:A total of 11 literatures were included, including 6 454 children. Meta-analysis results showed that the influencing factors of growth retardation in children with congenital heart disease included pulmonary hypertension [n OR=3.73, 95%n CI (2.25-6.18) , n P<0.000 01], low birth weight [n OR=2.69, 95%n CI (1.25-5.77) , n P=0.01] and parental height [n OR=3.88, 95%n CI (1.86-8.10) , n P=0.000 3]. The influencing factors of low body weight in children with congenital heart disease were pulmonary hypertension [n OR=3.21, 95%n CI (2.21-4.66) , n P<0.000 01] and low birth weight [n OR=2.75, 95%n CI (1.83-4.14) , n P < 0.000 01]. The influencing factor of weight loss in children with congenital heart disease was pulmonary hypertension [ n OR=3.51, 95%n CI (2.21-5.58) , n P<0.000 01].In addition, caregivers\' emotions, disease cognition and behavior, and children\'s age and disease were also influencing factors of malnutrition in children with congenital heart disease (n P<0.05) .n Conclusions:There are many influencing factors of malnutrition in children with congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension and low birth weight are the most common influencing factors. It is suggested that future studies should improve the rigor of design, adopt unified measurement standards, standardize the quality of reports and provide clearer guidance for clinical practice.