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目的:了解隐睾患儿中先天性肾脏和尿路畸形(congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, CAKUT)的发生率并探讨其临床特征。方法:回顾性分析上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医学中心2017年1月至2018年8月间收治的隐睾合并CAKUT患儿临床资料，临床及影像学资料均完整。通过这些患儿的病例资料，归纳总结其存在的临床表现及影像学异常等检查结果。结果:我院共诊治隐睾合并CAKUT患儿21例。泌尿生殖系统异常总数共计26例，肾积水最常见，其次为肾发育不良及肾输尿管重复畸形。合并CAKUT的隐睾患儿与产次及父母亲孕龄无关联性，但其发生率与隐睾类型相关，单侧睾丸缺如及腹腔内睾丸的患儿其并发CAKUT的概率高于其他类型的隐睾。结论:泌尿系超声检查推荐作为隐睾患儿常规检查项目。单侧睾丸缺如及腹腔内隐睾的患儿并发CAKUT的发生率较高，需引起临床重视并进行必要的影像学检查，以早期发现，避免漏诊，并予适当处理。“,”Objective:To explore the prevalence and clinical characteristics of congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) with cryptorchidism in children.Methods:A total of 21 children of CAKUT with cryptorchidism were recruited from January 2017 to August 2018.Their complete clinical and imaging data were collected and clinical symptoms and imaging abnormalities were summarized.Results:The total number of genitourinary abnormalities was 26.The major CAKUT diseases included hydronephrosis, renal hypoplasia and duplex collecting system.No association existed between CAKUT and parity or paternal age.However, the incidence of CAKUT was correlated with type of cryptorchidism.Children with unilateral testicular agenesis and intraperitoneal testis were more susceptible to concurrent CAKUT than other types of cryptorchidism.Conclusions:Urinary tract ultrasonography is routinely recommended for children with cryptorchidism.The incidence of CAKUT is higher in children with unilateral testicular agenesis and intraperitoneal testis.Clinical alert should be raised and necessary imaging examinations conducted.It is necessary to diagnose this disorder early, avoid a misdiagnosis and made treatment properly.