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Objective:To explore the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-кB) in Schwann cells (SCs) and its effect on motor neuron apoptosis in spinal cord following sciatic nerves injury in adult rats. Methods:Thirty-six adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided randomly into normal control group (n=6),and sciatic nerves crushing group (n=30),and the later was further equally randomized into 5 nerves were examined by immunohistochemistry staining,and the apoptosis of motor neurons in spinalcord of lumbar 4 to lumbar 6(L4-L6)was investigated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay.Both were quantitated by image analysis.Results:In the normal control group (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).At 1 d after sciatic nerves crushing,the expression of served in the time-course on motor neuron apoptosis after sciatic nerves injury.Correlation analyses refollowing sciatic nerves injury(r=0.976 0,P＜0.01).Conclusion:After injury of sciatic nerves,the presence and up-regulation of NF-κB in SCs may be involved in motor neuron apoptosis in L4-L6 spinal cord.