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激光在材料加工中的应用主要包括表面处理(淬火、熔覆和合金化)、焊接、切割和打孔。对于不同的加工方式对激光器有不同功率密度和模式的要求,例如,对于金属表面的激光热处理,它只是对被辐照材料由表及里的温度升高,但维持固相不变,因此功率密度较低,大约10~4W/cm~2。如果金属激光焊接,要求材料表面要熔化,其液相一固相分界以一定速度向材料深部移动,则要有较高的激光功率密度,对于钢铁材料大约10~5W～10~6W/cm~2。如果对材料进行激光切割,则要求材料表面要气化,显然要有更高的激光功率密度,例如10~6W～10~8W/cm~2。
The application of laser in material processing mainly includes surface treatment (quenching, cladding and alloying), welding, cutting and drilling. For different processing methods, the laser has different power density and mode requirements. For example, laser heat treatment on a metal surface only increases the temperature of the irradiated material from the inside and the outside of the surface, but the solid phase is maintained. Therefore, the power Lower density, about 10 ~ 4W / cm ~ 2. If the metal laser welding, the material surface to be melted, the liquid-to-solid boundary demarcation at a certain speed to move the material deep, you have a higher laser power density, for the steel material about 10 ~ 5W ~ 10 ~ 6W / cm ~ 2. If laser cutting of the material is required, the surface of the material is required to be gasified, obviously there is a higher laser power density, for example, 10 ~ 6W ~ 10 ~ 8W / cm ~ 2.