对于长城,学者们多站在农耕民族和中原王朝的角度加以认识和评价。实际上,长城的修筑,不仅影响了农耕民族,而且对北方游牧民族也产生了巨大的影响。长城的建造,促进了北方民族专化游牧生产方式的形成与扩大,加速了草原游牧帝国的形成,同时也减弱了北方游牧民族对抗自然灾害的能力,化解了北方游牧民族的军事优势。从总体上看,在农耕民族与游牧民族的对抗与斗争中,长城起到了限制和弱化北方游牧民族实力的作用。 For the Great Wall, scholars are more aware of and appraised from the perspective of farming people and the Central Plains dynasty. In fact, the construction of the Great Wall not only affected the farming people, but also had a huge impact on the nomadic peoples in the north. The construction of the Great Wall has promoted the formation and expansion of nomadic production modes in the north and accelerated the formation of nomadic empires in the grasslands. Meanwhile, it also weakened the ability of nomadic northern nations to resist natural disasters and defused the military superiority of northern nomads. In general, the Great Wall has played a role in limiting and weakening the strength of nomadic northern nations in the confrontation and struggle between farming peoples and nomadic peoples.