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天麻(Gastrodia elata Blume)原名赤箭,系兰科多年生寄生植物,药用其地下块茎。我们以北京市药材公司购买的天麻为原料,从石油醚和70%乙醇提取物中经硅胶柱层析分离得到9个成分(化合物Ⅰ-Ⅺ),根据光谱分析和衍生物制备分别鉴定为天麻甙(Ⅶ)及其甙元对羟基苯甲醇(Ⅲ);β-谷甾醇(Ⅱ)及其 D-葡萄糖甙——胡萝葡甙(Ⅵ);柠檬酸(Ⅴ)及其对称单甲酯(Ⅳ);对羟基苯甲醛(Ⅸ);棕榈酸(Ⅰ)和蔗糖(Ⅷ)。
Gastrodia elata Blume, formerly known as Chijian, is a perennial parasitic plant of Orchidaceae that is used medicinally for its underground tubers. We used the gastrodia elata purchased by Beijing Herbal Medicine Co., Ltd. as raw materials, and 9 compounds (compounds I-XI) were separated from petroleum ether and 70% ethanol extracts by silica gel column chromatography and identified as gastrodia according to spectral analysis and derivative preparation. (VII) and its aglycone p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (III); β-sitosterol (II) and its D-glucoside-carrot (VI); citric acid (V) and its symmetrical monomethyl ester (IV); p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (IX); palmitic acid (I) and sucrose (VIII).