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我们叙述一种提取由钻进的钻头产生的由地面检波器组合接收的信号,并对其进行反褶积的方法。通过多道维纳反褶积把钻井噪声变为有用的脉冲信号,由此产生几乎沿深度连续采样的多井源距井下激发垂直地震剖面(VSP)。我们介绍了多道技术如何解释干扰和钻柱内部反射,自动地将反褶积信号限制在包含有效能量的频率范围。我们对德国一口钻井进行了数据采集及处理,这项工作是随钻进行的,几乎达到4000m深。由这些资料提供地下图象与对应的根据三维地面地震勘探、零井源距VSP和用常规电缆技术采集的多井源距VSP勘探得到的图象对比得很好。反褶积钻井噪声数据的有效频宽可与地面地震数据的频带进行对比,但明显小于由电缆VSP法获得资料的频带宽度。尽管在数据处理中,应用的算法并不需要使用安装在钻柱上的探测器,但这些探测器提供了非常实用的压缩数据的方法,钻柱上的探测器也用于反褶积钻井噪声数据的准确计时。
We describe a method of extracting and deconvolving a signal received by a combination of terrestrial geophones produced by a drilled drill bit. Drilling noise is turned into a useful pulse signal by multi-channel Wiener deconvolution, resulting in a downhole vertical seismic profile (VSP) of multi-well sources that sample continuously along the depth. We show how multichannel technology can explain disturbances and internal reflections within the drill string, automatically limiting the deconvolution signal to a frequency range that contains the available energy. We conducted a data acquisition and processing of a well in Germany. The work was done while drilling, reaching a depth of almost 4000m. The subsurface images provided by these data contrast well with the corresponding images obtained from the VSP exploration based on three-dimensional surface seismic exploration, zero-well-to-source VSP, and multi-well sources collected using conventional cable techniques. The effective bandwidth of deconvolved drilling noise data can be compared with the band of terrestrial seismic data but is significantly less than the bandwidth of the data obtained by the cable VSP method. Although the algorithms used in data processing do not require the use of detectors mounted on the drill string, these detectors provide a very practical way of compressing the data and detectors on the drill string are also used to deconvulate the well noise Accurate data timing.