替代责任分为严格型替代责任(不论雇主是否存在过错)与过错型替代责任(要求雇主存在过错)。从法与经济学的视角看,在医疗损害责任领域,应当采纳严格型替代责任,免除医务人员个人责任,并且不允许医疗机构对有过错的医务人员行使追偿权。《侵权责任法》第54条既不应是过错型替代责任,也不应是直接或组织过错责任,而应当解释为严格型替代责任与医疗管理损害责任之复合。 Alternative liability is divided into strict liability (whether or not the employer is at fault) and fault liability (which requires the employer to have fault). From the perspective of law and economics, in the field of medical damage liability, strict liability should be adopted instead of individual responsibility of medical personnel, and medical institutions should not be allowed to exercise the right of recovery for medical personnel who have fault. Article 54 of Tort Liability Law should neither be a faulty alternative liability nor a direct or organizational fault liability, but should be interpreted as a combination of strict liability for alternative liability and medical liability for damage management.