江苏太湖地区,地势低平,地面拔海一般3～5米,这一带的土壤大部是沼泽起源的。目前一部分仍处于沼澤阶段如蕩田土壤;一部分已脱离沼泽类型如圩田土壤;而大部分地区土壤已摆脱了沼泽影响,处于水稻土发育的典型阶段。这是平田土壤。从耕种历史来看,平田土壤耕作年限最长,圩田次之,荡田最晚。在耕作制度上一般为稻麦二熟,施肥以草塘泥为主,水稻年平均产量500—600多斤,小麦150斤左右,全区河网交错,常被誉为“鱼米之乡”,为我国主要的粮食产地之一。在这漫长的耕作过程中,广大农民创造了肥沃的土壤,与此同时积累了一套丰富的生产经验,本文就搜集的农民识别土壤的肥瘦经验,加以整理,以供参考。 Lake Taihu, Jiangsu, low-lying, the ground pull the sea generally 3 to 5 meters, most of the soil in this area is the origin of the swamp. At present, part of the soil is still in the swamp stage, such as the muddy soil; part of it has been detached from the swamp type, such as the polder soil; and in most areas, the soil has got rid of the swamp and is in the typical stage of paddy soil development. This is Hirata soil. From the farming history point of view, Pingtian soil farming the longest period of polder, followed by the turbulent field the latest. Tillage system in general for rice and wheat two crops, fertilizers mainly to grass ponds, the annual output of 500-600 kilograms of rice, wheat about 150 pounds, the region intertwined river, often known as “Yumizhixiang” for our country One of the main food producing areas. In this long process of farming, the vast number of peasants have created fertile soil, and at the same time they have accumulated a wealth of production experience. This paper collects and analyzes the collected peasants’ experiences of fat and thin soils for reference.